Exam 2 - BIOL115

1. 1In a light reaction, what is put into the system?

   1. Awater
   2. Bcarbon dioxide
   3. Clight
   4. Doxygen
   5. Eglucose
   6. FADP
   7. GNADP+
   8. HATP
   9. INADPH
   10. JRuBisCO
2. 2In light reactions, what are the outputs?

   1. Awater
   2. Blight
   3. Coxygen
   4. Dcarbon dioxide
   5. Eglucose
   6. FADP
   7. GATP
   8. HNADPH
   9. INADP+
   10. JRuBisCO
3. 3In a dark reaction, what is put into the system?

   1. Awater
   2. Blight
   3. Coxygen
   4. Dcarbon dioxide
   5. Eglucose
   6. FADP
   7. GNADPH
   8. HNADP+
   9. IATP
   10. JRuBisCO
4. 4In dark reactions, what are the outputs?

   1. Awater
   2. Blight
   3. CADP
   4. DNADP+
   5. Eglucose
   6. FATP
   7. GNADPH
   8. Hcarbon dioxide
   9. IRuBisCO
5. 5It takes [blank_start]6[blank_end] turns of the CBB Cycle to generate a single glucose molecule.

   1. A1
   2. B2
   3. C3
   4. D6
   5. E9
   6. F12
6. 6Where do light reactions take place?

   1. Athylakoid membranes
   2. Bstroma
7. 7Where do dark reactions take place?

   1. Athylakoid membranes
   2. Bstroma
8. 8Photorespiration is a [blank_start]wasteful[blank_end] pathway that occurs when [blank_start]RuBisCO[blank_end] binds [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] instead of [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end], producing a product that can’t be used to make [blank_start]sugar[blank_end].

   1. Awasteful
   2. BRuBisCO
   3. Coxygen
   4. Dcarbon dioxide
   5. Esugar
9. 9[blank_start]C3[blank_end]: “Typical” photosynthesis, susceptible to [blank_start]photorespiration[blank_end]
   
   [blank_start]C4[blank_end]: [blank_start]Spatial separation[blank_end] - fixes carbon in one cell, then breaks it down for CBB Cycle in another *Benefit: more efficient since [blank_start]limits oxygen interference with RuBisCO[blank_end]
   
   [blank_start]CAM[blank_end]: [blank_start]Temporal separation[blank_end] - fixes carbon at night, then breaks it down for CBB Cycle during the day *Benefit: [blank_start]water-use efficient[blank_end]

   1. AC3
   2. BC4
   3. CCAM
   4. DTemporal separation
   5. Ewater-use efficient
   6. Flimits oxygen interference with RuBisCO
   7. Gphotorespiration
   8. HSpatial separation
10. 10Morphological Consequences of Photosynthesis include:
    1. PHS relies on [blank_start]efficient light harvesting[blank_end]
    Broad, thin leaf increases light absorption
    [blank_start]Chloroplast[blank_end] can move to optimize light absorption
    2. PHS is biochemically complicated
    Light and dark reactions [blank_start]separated[blank_end] inside chloroplast
    3. PHS requires [blank_start]gas exchange[blank_end]
    Broad, thin leaves increase [blank_start]area[blank_end] to absorb CO2
    Stomata allow for gas exchange
    4. Thin leaves need [blank_start]structural support[blank_end]
    Cellulose and lignin [blank_start]strengthen cell wall[blank_end]
    5. PHS requires water
    [blank_start]Roots[blank_end] absorb water, [blank_start]xylem[blank_end] transports it to leaves
    [blank_start]Cuticle and stomata[blank_end] help regulate water loss
    6. PHS products need to be transported throughout the plant
    [blank_start]Phloem[blank_end] moves sugar from source to sink
    

    1. Aefficient light harvesting
    2. BChloroplast
    3. Cseparated
    4. Dgas exchange
    5. Earea
    6. Fstructural support
    7. Gstrengthen cell wall
    8. HRoots
    9. Ixylem
    10. JCuticle and stomata
    11. KPhloem

11. 11What are the 4 Fates of Glucose?

    1. ARespiration
    2. BPlant growth
    3. CEnergy storage
    4. DTransport
    5. ETranspiration
    6. FPhotosynthesis
    7. GWater storage
12. 12Starch makes a good storage molecule because it’s insoluble in water.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
13. 13Sucrose makes a good transport molecule because it’s insoluble in water and less reactive than glucose.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
14. 14Chlorophylls are located in the [blank_start]chloroplasts[blank_end] and [blank_start]absorb light for photosynthesis[blank_end].
    Carotenoids are located in the [blank_start]chloroplasts and chromoplasts[blank_end] and [blank_start]absorb light for photosynthesis[blank_end].
    Flavonoids are located in the [blank_start]vacuoles[blank_end] and offer [blank_start]UV protection[blank_end], act as an [blank_start]antioxidant[blank_end], and give off [blank_start]visual signals for pollinators[blank_end].

    1. Achloroplasts
    2. Babsorb light for photosynthesis
    3. Cchloroplasts and chromoplasts
    4. Dabsorb light energy for photosynthesis
    5. Evacuoles
    6. FUV protection
    7. Gantioxidant
    8. Hvisual signals for pollinators
15. 15[blank_start]Chlorophyll a[blank_end] = main photosynthetic pigment, green-blue
    [blank_start]Chlorophyll b[blank_end] = PHS accessory pigment, green-yellow
    [blank_start]Carotenes[blank_end] = PHS accessory pigment, orange-red
    [blank_start]Xanthophylls[blank_end] = PHS accessory pigment, yellow-orange
    [blank_start]Anthocyanins[blank_end] = most common, red-purple-blue (pH dependent)
    [blank_start]Chalcones and Flavones[blank_end] = absorb UV light, yellow-cream
    [blank_start]Betalains[blank_end] = substitute for anthocyanins in Caryophyllales, red-violet or yellow-orange
    

    1. AChlorophyll a
    2. BChlorophyll b
    3. CCarotenes
    4. DXanthophylls
    5. EAnthocyanins
    6. FChalcones and Flavones
    7. GBetalains
16. 16Two of the rarest colors in the plant world are [blank_start]blue and black[blank_end]; both of these come from high concentrations of [blank_start]anthocyanins[blank_end] (specifically delphinidin).

    1. Ablue and black
    2. Bpink and purple
    3. Cred and orange
    4. Dyellow and green
    5. Eanthocyanins
    6. Fbetalains
    7. Gcarotenes
    8. Hxanthophylls
17. 17[blank_start]Root hairs[blank_end] are responsible for absorbing most of the water a plant takes up.
    [blank_start]Stomata[blank_end] are responsible for releasing most of the water vapor from a plant.

    1. ARoot hairs
    2. BStomata
18. 18Transpiration carries water:

    1. Afrom root to shoot via xylem.
    2. Bfrom root to shoot via phloem.
    3. Cfrom shoot to root via xylem.
    4. Dfrom shoot to root via phloem.
19. 19As these parameters increase, transpiration also increases.

    1. Acuticle
    2. Bboundary layer
    3. Cinternal resistance
    4. Dstomata
    5. Erelative humidity
    6. Ftemperature
    7. Gsoil water
    8. Hlight intensity
    9. Iair movement
20. 20As these parameters increase, transpiration decreases.

    1. Acuticle
    2. Bboundary layer
    3. Cinternal resistance
    4. Dstomata
    5. Erelative humidity
    6. Ftemperature
    7. Gsoil water
    8. Hlight intensity
    9. Iair movement
21. 21Label from 1-4:
    1=most water loss
    4= least water loss

    

    1. A4
    2. B3
    3. C1
    4. D2
22. 22Embolisms form via:
    [blank_start]Drought-stress[blank_end] (not enough water in soil + dry air = tension snaps line of water apart, forming air bubble in xylem cell)
    [blank_start]Winter freezing[blank_end] (frozen ground + water use in plant = tension snaps line of water apart, forming air bubble in xylem cell)
    [blank_start]Pathogens[blank_end] (physical break in xylem cells via boring insects or blocking of cells by bacterial/fungal growth)

    1. ADrought-stress
    2. BWinter freezing
    3. CPathogens
23. 23Tracheids: in [blank_start]all vascular plants[blank_end], [blank_start]long and thin[blank_end], [blank_start]thick[blank_end] walls, move water through [blank_start]pits[blank_end], [blank_start]better protected from embolisms[blank_end]
    Vessel Elements: in [blank_start]angiosperms[blank_end], [blank_start]short and fat[blank_end], [blank_start]thin[blank_end] walls, move water through [blank_start]pits and large end perforations[blank_end], [blank_start]more susceptible to embolisms[blank_end]

    1. Aall vascular plants
    2. Bangiosperms
    3. Clong and thin
    4. Dshort and fat
    5. Ethick
    6. Fthin
    7. Gpits
    8. Hpits and large end perforations
    9. Ibetter protected from embolisms
    10. Jmore susceptible to embolisms
    11. Kangiosperms
    12. Lall vascular plants
    13. Mshort and fat
    14. Nlong and thin
    15. Othin
    16. Pthick
    17. Qpits and large end perforations
    18. Rpits
    19. Smore susceptible to embolisms
    20. Tbetter protected from embolisms
24. 24Label

    

    1. AAngiosperm wood
    2. BGymnosperm Wood
25. 25Xylem

    1. Adead at maturity
    2. Bliving at maturity
    3. Ctransports water, dissolved minerals
    4. Dtransports sugar, organic molecules
    5. Etranspiration
    6. Ftranslocation
    7. Gunidirectional flow
    8. Hbidirectional flow
    9. Ino energy required
    10. Jenergy required
26. 26Phloem

    1. Adead at maturity
    2. Bliving at maturity
    3. Ctransports water, dissolved minerals
    4. Dtransports sugar, organic molecules
    5. Etranspiration
    6. Ftranslocation
    7. Gunidirectional flow
    8. Hbidirectional flow
    9. Ino energy required
    10. Jenergy required
27. 27What is this process?
    
    1. Glucose from SOURCE converted into sucrose for transport.
    2. Sucrose pumped into companion cell via active transport, using ATP.
    3. Sucrose flows into sieve cell via plasmodesmata, increasing solute concentration within the cell.
    4. Water moves from the xylem into the sieve cell, increasing the pressure in the phloem as the cell swells.
    5. Sucrose+water moves through the sieve cells to a sink location.
    6. Sucrose unloads at SINK and solute concentration in sieve cell decreases. Water moves back into xylem, reducing the pressure in the sink cells.
    

    

    1. Atranslocation
28. 28Label

    

    1. ASieve-tube member
    2. BCompanion cell
    3. CNucleus
    4. DSieve plate
29. 29[blank_start]Sieve tubes[blank_end] and [blank_start]companion cells[blank_end] only found in angiosperms – both come from same parent cell.
    [blank_start]Sieve cells[blank_end] and [blank_start]albuminous cells[blank_end] in other vascular plants – arise from separate parent cells.

    1. ASieve tubes
    2. Bcompanion cells
    3. CSieve cells
    4. Dalbuminous cells
30. 30Label (both are living at maturity)

    

    1. ASieve Tubes
    2. BCompanion Cells
31. 31Primary growth is observed in [blank_start]all plants[blank_end] and is the result of [blank_start]apical meristems[blank_end].
    Secondary growth is observed in [blank_start]only gymnosperms and angiosperms[blank_end] and is the result of [blank_start]lateral meristems[blank_end] or monocot cambium.

    1. Alateral meristems
    2. Bapical meristems
    3. Call plants
    4. Donly gymnosperms and angiosperms
32. 32Primary Root Growth:
    
    1. [blank_start]RAM[blank_end] divides, increasing # of cells in zone of [blank_start]cell division[blank_end], and pushing up older cells from [blank_start]root tip​[blank_end]
    2. These cells begin to elongate in zone of [blank_start]elongation​[blank_end]
    3. [blank_start]Root hairs[blank_end] and [blank_start]lateral roots[blank_end] above this zone provide [blank_start]resistance[blank_end], forcing root tip deeper into soil as cells lengthen​
    4. [blank_start]Root cap[blank_end] protect the [blank_start]apical meristem[blank_end] from mechanical damage as the elongating cells push it downwards – mucilage secreted by them helps to lubricate passage through soil​
    5. After cells have lengthened, they become fully differentiated into various permanent cell types in zone of [blank_start]maturation[blank_end]​

    1. ARAM
    2. Bcell division
    3. Croot tip​
    4. Delongation​
    5. ERoot hairs
    6. Flateral roots
    7. Gresistance
    8. HRoot cap
    9. Iapical meristem
    10. Jmaturation
33. 33The location/direction of the cells dividing from the meristem determine what their fate as a permanent cell type will be.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
34. 34If RAM is damaged, it is replaced by several [blank_start]lateral[blank_end] roots thanks to the pericycle.

    1. Alateral
    2. Bapical
35. 35Label the picture for primary root growth.

    

    1. ARoot Apical Meristem (RAM)
    2. BRoot Cap
    3. CZone of Cell Division
    4. DZone of Cell Elongation
    5. EZone of Cell Maturation
    6. FRoot Hairs
    7. GLateral Root Meristem
    8. HVascular Cylinder (stele)
36. 36[blank_start]Gymnosperms + Dicots[blank_end]:​
    
    [blank_start]Vascular[blank_end] cambium forms wood and phloem:​
    Secondary phloem​
    More vascular cambium ([blank_start]to increase width of ring[blank_end])​
    Secondary xylem ([blank_start]wood[blank_end])​
    Cork cambium forms bark:​
    Cork ([blank_start]outer bark[blank_end])​
    More cork cambium ([blank_start]outermost lateral meristem[blank_end])​
    Phelloderm ([blank_start]inner bark[blank_end])​
    
    [blank_start]Monocots[blank_end]:​
    
    [blank_start]Monocot[blank_end] cambium adds vascular bundles and ground tissue to outer edge of stem​
    No true wood or bark formed - remain flexible, many have hollow cores

    1. AGymnosperms + Dicots
    2. BMonocot
    3. CMonocots
    4. DVascular
    5. Einner bark
    6. Fouter bark
    7. Gwood
    8. Hto increase width of ring
    9. Ioutermost lateral meristem
37. 37We see scattered vascular bundles in [blank_start]monocots[blank_end] and a ring of vascular bundles in [blank_start]dicots[blank_end].

    1. Amonocots
    2. Bdicots
    3. Cdicots
    4. Dmonocots
38. 38Bark replaces epidermis in woody plants​.

    1. ATrue
    2. BFalse
39. 39Label what each ring/space means.

    

    1. AFirst year growth
    2. BRainy season
    3. CDry season
    4. DScar from forest fire
    5. ESpring/early summer growth
    6. FLate summer/fall growth
40. 40Select every choice indicating an abiotic problem that could affect plants.

    1. ALight, temperature, humidity, soil, water, nutrients​
    2. BOccurs on many plant species at once​
    3. CDoes not spread from plant to plant over time​
    4. DNo signs
    5. EInsects, plants, fungi, bacteria, viruses, mammals​
    6. FPhysical evidence (signs) of pest/pathogen present
    7. GSpreads to neighboring plants over time​
    8. HDamage usually limited to certain plant species​
41. 41Select every choice indicating a biotic problem that could affect plants.

    1. ADamage usually limited to certain plant species​
    2. BPhysical evidence (signs) of pest/pathogen present
    3. CSpreads to neighboring plants over time
    4. DInsects, plants, fungi, bacteria, viruses, mammals
    5. ENo signs
    6. FDoes not spread from plant to plant over time
    7. GLight, temperature, humidity, soil, water, nutrients
    8. HOccurs on many plant species at once

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Biology Quiz on Exam 2 - BIOL115, created by Megan Courter on 28/10/2019.

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