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Questions in this quiz (200)
1A correlation coefficient can indicate ________.
- Athe strength and direction of the relationship between two variables
- Ba positive relationship, but not a negative relationship between variables
- Cwhether one variable causes an effect on another variable
2A little girl at the local elementary school is writing symphonies for full orchestra at age 7. You’re curious to know about the child’s personality and other psychological qualities. Which type of study would you conduct?
- Asurvey
- Bnaturalistic observation
- Ccase study
3A psychologist who is interested in finding out about the lives and experiences of blended multi-racial families wants to know how such individuals are viewed by their families, friends, and co-workers and how they view themselves. He conducts a series of structured interviews with the various individuals and asks specific questions based on ideas he has that he thinks will be important for understanding this particular life experience. What type of study is this?
- Asurvey
- Bnaturalistic study
- Ccase study
4A researcher investigates the effects of room temperature on test performance as measured by participants test scores. In this experiment, the dependent variable is ________.
- Atype of test
- Btest performance
- Croom temperature
5Briggs is interested in whether there is a difference in the way males and females carry objects such as backpacks and computer cases, so she sets up a hidden camera on the main mall of the college and videotapes students at various times throughout the day. What type of study is this?
- Anaturalistic observation
- Bsurvey
- Ccase study
6If a researcher found a correlation coefficient of -.85 between amount of exercise and weight, this would indicate that the more people exercise, the ________ they weigh.
- Aless
- Bmore
- Csame
7If the experimenter knows who is in the experimental and control groups and treats them accordingly, she runs the risk of ________.
- Ageneralization
- Bexperimenter bias
- Cconfounding variables
8If you receive a telephone call from someone asking that you explain your preferences for certain kinds of products, you are the subject of a ________.
- Acase study
- Bnaturalistic observation
- Csurvey
9When a researcher has reason to believe that something other than the manipulation of the independent variable has caused a change in the dependent variable, the researcher must look for a(n) ________ as an explanation.
- Aconfounding variable
- Bindependent variable
- Cdependent variable
10When both the researchers and the participants do not know which conditions the participants are assigned to, the research design is known as ________.
- Aexperimenter bias
- Boperational study
- Cdouble blind study
11A correlation coefficient of .90 indicates a ________ relationship between two variables.
- Aweak positive
- Bstrong positive
- Cstrong negative
12As the researcher doing an experiment on performance and sleep habits, Eliza doesn’t want to know which group of participants is in the experimental group getting only 4 hours of sleep each night. Eliza should conduct a
- Adouble blind study
- Bsingle blind study
- Coperational study
13Chelsea wants to know if the room temperature in the testing center affects participants test scores. In this experiment, the independent variable is ________.
- Aroom temperature
- Btype of test
- Ctest performance
14Comparing the population in two different states to examine the prevalence of depression is an example of
- Aarchival research
- Bcross-sectional research
- Clongitudinal research
15Correlation means all of the following EXCEPT that
- Atwo variables are related
- Bwhen one variable changes, so does the other
- Cone variable causes another
16Correlation means that
- Atwo variables are related
- Bone variable causes another
- Cone variable cannot exist without the other
17Examining household sizes during the early 1900s by reading census reports is an example of
- Anaturalistic observation
- Barchival research
- Clongitudinal research
18Following a group of kindergarteners every other year until they graduate and evaluating their performance is an example of
- Alongitudinal research
- Bcross-sectional research
- Carchival research
19Heather is conducting a study on music and memory. She plays different types of music while students memorize lists of words, then tests them again on their retention after 1 hour, 1 day, and 1 week. In this example, which is the independent variable?
- Aretention after 1 hour and 1 day
- Btype of music
- Cretention after 1 week
20High rates of attrition are particularly problematic for ________ research.
- Alongitudinal research
- Barchival research
- Ccross-sectional research
21If a researcher wants to understand if eating more bananas causes increased irritability, what type of study should they perform?
- Adescriptive
- Bcorrelational
- Cexperimental
22If there is a negative relationship between the temperature and coat sales, it is safe to say that
- Awhen the temperature goes up, coat sales go down.
- Bthe temperature change causes fewer coats to be sold.
- Cthe temperature is a confounding variable in the measure of coat sales.
23If two different variables are not related at all, they probably have a correlation coefficient of
- A1
- B-1
- C0
24If you are studying depression rates during the cold winter months, a potential ________ could be the busy holiday season.
- Adependent variable
- Bconfounding variables
- Cillusory correlation
25If you are studying the impact of a new type of teaching curriculum in the psychology classroom, the classroom where the old curriculum is still taught is considered the
- Acontrol group
- Boperational group
- Cexperimental group
26If you participate in a study and find out that the medication you received did not contain actual medication inside, then that pill is considered a
- Aplacebo
- Bdependent variable
- Cexperimental tool
27In a study about anxiousness, researchers have participants either read a story about a girl who is stressed about her final exams and other work and family commitments or a classic fairytale. Before the study, they plan to have students self-report on their levels of anxiety, then re-test them after the study to see if the anxious story increased anxiousness levels. In this example, the students reported anxiousness after reading a story is the
- Aindependent variable
- Boperational definition
- Cdependent variable
28In order to study the cause and effect relationship between two variables, a researcher must perform what type of study?
- Adescriptive
- Bcorrelational
- Cexperimental
29In the example of how violent television programming might affect violent behavior in children, the ________ views violent television programming for a specified time.
- Acontrol
- Boperational
- Cexperimental
30Jonas wants to understand the relationship between head size and intelligence. What type of study might he perform?
- Adescriptive
- Bexperimental
- Ccorrelational
31Maxwell’s research group is conducting a study on the relationship between daytime toddler naps and dinnertime appetite. Some groups are assigned to a 1 ½-2 ½ hour afternoon nap, some to a 30-60 minutes nap, or some to no nap at all. The amount they eat for dinner is recorded. In this study, the ________ is the dependent variable and ________ is the control group.
- Atime slept; no nap
- Bamount of food eaten, no nap
- Camount of food eaten; 1.5-2.5 hour nap
32Non-experimental research is called ________ research.
- Acorrelational
- Bexperimental
- Cdescriptive
33Observational research that focuses on just one individual or a group of people is called a
- Acase study
- Bsurvey
- Ccorrelational study
34People generally engage in superstitious behavior, like wearing your lucky red socks while taking a test because you wore them last time you got a high grade, because of a belief in a(n) ________.
- Acorrelation
- Bconfounding variable
- Cillusory correlation
35Preliminary, non-experimental, research that gathers information about behavior is called ________ research.
- Acorrelational
- Bdescriptive
- Cexperimental
36Research that compares multiple segments of the population at the same time is known as
- Aarchival research
- Blongitudinal research
- Ccross-sectional research
37Ryan is conducting an experiment on the type of breakfast eaten by high schoolers and their wakefulness and alertness during the day. Which is the best way for Ryan to prevent experimenter bias?
- AHe should not know what the students ate for breakfast
- BHe should refer to each student by a number instead of a name.
- CHe should avoid any personal interactions with the students.
38Suzanne is interested in understanding the relationship between hours spent watching t.v. and student grades in elementary school. What type of study might she perform?
- Adescriptive
- Bcorrelational
- Cexperimental
39The strength and direction of the relationship between two variables is expressed by the ________.
- Apositive correlation
- Billusory correlation
- Ccorrelation coefficient
40There is a ________ correlation between the number of hours of sleep a person gets and how tired they feel.
- Apositive
- Bneutral
- Cnegative
41Unrelated variables probably have a correlation coefficient of
- A0
- B1
- C-1
42Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as ________.
- Anaturalistic observation
- Barchival research
- Clongitudinal research
43What measures the effects of the independent variable?
- Adependent variable
- Bconfounding variable
- Cexperimental variable
44When watching the news one night, you learn about a family with 5 Juilliard musicians. You want to learn more about their environment and personality traits that led them to become such successful musicians. What type of study would you conduct?
- Asurvey
- Bnaturalistic observation
- Ccase study
45Which variable is manipulated by the experimenter?
- Adependent variable
- Bindependent variable
- Cconfounding variable
46You are interested in the amount of time students spend talking to other students during class breaks in high school and want to know if girls are more talkative with other girls, or when talking to boys. You set up a camera to record a hundred such interactions. What type of study is this?
- Asurvey
- Bcase study
- Cnaturalistic observation
47You want to learn more about food preferences of those in an entire city. What would the best way to gather this information?
- Acase study
- Bnaturalistic observation
- Csurvey
48According to the text, psychology students are most likely to benefit from exposure t
- Acounseling strategies and diagnostic techniques
- Bcritical thinking skills and the scientific method.
- Ccommunication skills and assessment strategies
49According to the text, psychology students are most likely to benefit from exposure to
- Acritical thinking skills and evaluating information.
- Bresearch assignments and diagnostic techniques.
- Ccounseling strategies and memory skills.
50Katie spends most of her daytime hours taking care of her four kids, but enjoys teaching two psychology courses in the evenings at a local community college. Katie likely has a
- APhD in psychology
- Bmaster's degree in business
- Cmaster's degree in psychology
51Ryan wants to be a high school football coach and school counselor. He will need at least a ________ degree in counseling psychology.
- APhD
- BPsyD
- Cmaster's degree
52Typically, an adjunct psychology professor will have a
- Amaster's degree in psychology
- BPhD in psychology
- Cmaster's degree in business
53Which type of psychology degree focuses more on the clinical practice and less on research?
- APhD
- BPsyD
- Cmaster's degree
54According to the ________ model, health and illness are determined by psychological, biological, and social factors.
- Aclinical-health
- Bbiopsychosocial
- Ccognitive-behavioral
55As a sprinter on the track and field team, Shaun knows that the way he visualizes and thinks about his race can have a major impact on his performance. His coach encourages him to talk to the
- Aforensic psychologist
- Bhealth psychologist
- Csport psychologist
56Cognitive psychology focuses on
- Anatural selection and the importance of genetics in determining behavior.
- Bstudying thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and actions.
- Chuman willpower and the ability to achieve self-actualization.
57If Kayla is interested in personality psychology, she is most likely to study
- Along-standing traits and patterns that propel behavior
- Bchanges in reasoning and thinking that develop across the lifespan
- Chow people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others
58If Marco is interested in changes in reasoning and thinking that occur during adolescence, he should specialize in ________ psychology.
- Acognitive
- Bdevelopmental
- Cpersonality
59Jade plans to major in business then continue on to study ________ so that she can work as a
consultant for businesses interested in improving employee motivation and increasing
productivity.- Abusiness psychology
- Bforensic psychology
- CI-O psychology
60Jenny’s softball team always came close to winning, but seemed to give up during the 6th
inning. Her coach scheduled an appointment with the ________ to discuss performance
anxiety.- Asport psychologist
- Bhealth psychologist
- Cforensic psychologist
61Marquesas is suffering from anxiety. According to the ________ model, her illness is
probably determined by psychological, biological, and social factors.- Acognitive-behavioral
- Bclinical-health
- Cbiopsychosocial
62Social psychology is the study of
- Achanges in reasoning and thinking that develop across the lifespan
- Bhow people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the
actual, imagined, or implied presence of others - Clong-standing traits and patterns that propel behavior
63Stefan had a terrible work experience when cooking at a local diner while in high school.
That experience led him to want to study business management and best practices in
improving the workplace environment. He should consider studying- AI-O psychology
- Bforensic psychology
- Cbusiness psychology
64Which area of psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
and other problematic patterns of behavior?- Acognitive psychology
- Bsocial psychology
- Cclinical psychology
65Which factors influence health, according to the biopsychosocial model?
- Aapplying biological principles to the psychology of a healthy social life
- Binteraction of biological, psychological, and social factors
- Cprimarily biology; individual psychology and social factors are sometimes
relevant
66Which of the following are the main psychological domains?
- Abiological, cognitive, developmental, social and personality, mental and
physical health - Bsocial and personality, lifespan, sensation and perception, mental and physical
health - Cpsychoanalytical, cognitive, social, mental and physical health
- Abiological, cognitive, developmental, social and personality, mental and
67Which of the following are the main psychological domains?
- Abiological, cognitive, developmental, social and personality, mental and
physical health - Bpersonality, lifespan, sensation and perception, mental and physical health
- Cpsychoanalytical, biopsychological, social, mental and physical health
- Abiological, cognitive, developmental, social and personality, mental and
68Which of the following topics are included in the biological domain of psychology?
- Alearning
- Bmotivation
- Cneuroscience
69Which of the following topics are included in the biological domain of psychology?
- Aconsciousness
- Bmemory
- Cconditioning
70Which psychological domain would include a study of learning and conditioning?
- Acognitive
- Bdevelopmental
- Csocial and personality
71Which psychological domain would include a study of memory and intelligence?
- Acognitive
- Bbiological
- Csocial and personality
72Which questions would a biopsychologist most likely address when studying depression?
- ATo what extent does depression affect one’s thinking, memory and language abilities?
- BWhen does depression usually develop in a person? What are the various
stages (represented by the changes in behavior) of the illness? - CDoes stress or lack of exercise affect the nervous system and hormones to
either cause or prevent depression?
73Which questions would a biopsychologist most likely address when studying schizophrenia?
- ATo what extent does schizophrenia affect one’s thinking, memory and
language abilities? - BDoes stress or lack of exercise affect the nervous system and hormones to either cause or prevent schizophrenia?
- CWhen does schizophrenia usually develop in a person? What are the various stages (represented by the changes in behavior) of the illness?
- ATo what extent does schizophrenia affect one’s thinking, memory and
74Which type of psychologist may be involved in mediating a custody battle?
- AI-O psychologist
- Bhealth psychologist
- Cforensic psychologist
75Which type of psychologist would most likely be asked to serve as an expert witness during a
court case?- Aforensic psychologist
- Bhealth psychologist
- CI-O psychologist
76________ is the area of psychology that focuses on studying thoughts and their relationship
to our experiences and our actions.- Abiological
- Bcognitive
- Cdevelopmental
77________ is the study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by
the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others- Apersonality
- Bcognitive
- Csocial
78________ psychology seeks to study the genetic causes of behavior.
- AEvolutionary
- Bcognitive
- Cneurobiological
79 ________ psychology seeks to study the ultimate biological causes of a behavior.
- Acognitive
- Bneurobiological
- Cevolutionary
80Each of our 46 ________ have a sequence of DNA, made up of ________, which determine
traits and physical characteristics.- Achromosomes; genes
- Balleles; genes
- Cphenotypes; chromosomes
81Epigenetics examines gene expression and how those with identical genes may have different
- Aexperiences
- Bphenotypes
- Cranges of reaction
82If Greg’s mother has a cleft chin (genotype Bb) and his father does not (genotype bb), what
are the chances that Greg has a cleft chin?- A25%
- B75%
- C50%
83Most traits are controlled by more than just one gene, meaning that they are
- Ahomozygous
- Bpolygenic
- Cheterozygous
84One of the best ways to answer questions associated with the nature-nurture debate is to
complete twin studies, especially with ________ twins.- Aidentical
- Bfraternal
- Cdizygotic
85One reason the nature-nurture debates continues is because it is
- Aimpossible to quantitatively measure the influence of either genetics or the
environment on a person - Bdifficult to study because people cannot be assigned to various genetic
and environmental conditions - Cdifficult to assign operational definitions to the terms
- Aimpossible to quantitatively measure the influence of either genetics or the
86People born with a high genetic risk for schizophrenia were ________ likely to develop
schizophrenia if they were raised in a healthy family environment than if they were raised in
a disturbed family environment.- Amore
- Bequally
- Cless
87The idea that Sophia is born with high genetic potential for intelligence that determines the
boundaries of her intelligence, but that her environment interacts with those genes to
determine wherein her intelligence falls within those bounds is known as- Arange of reaction
- Bepigenetics
- Cenvironmental determinism
88The study of how the same genotype may lead to different phenotypes is known as
- Arange of reaction
- Bgenetic environmental correlation
- Cepigenetics
89The study of “nature” in the nature-nurture debate is really a study of the ________ bases of
behavior.- Abiological
- Benvironmental
- Cneurological
90Which of the following is a major problem with arriving at a conclusive scientific answer to
the nature-nurture debate?- AResearchers cannot agree on definitions for “nature” and for “nurture.”
- BHumans cannot easily be randomly assigned to different genetic and
environmental conditions. - CIt is unethical to study the genetic influences on behavior
91Which of the following is an example of the influence of nature, or genetics, on a person?
- AA child of Spanish speaking parents learns Spanish even though they live in
England. - BA child growing up in a culture that promotes humility comes to value
humility - CA child of divorced parents shows the same tendency toward extroversion
as her twin sister living across the country with her father.
- AA child of Spanish speaking parents learns Spanish even though they live in
92Which types of twins have the same DNA, and are valuable in studying the influence of
environmental factors on genetics?- Adizygotic
- Bmonozygotic
- Cfraternal
93________ study how the interaction of genes and the environment cause individual
differences in behavior.- Abehavioral geneticists
- Bevolutionary psychologists
- Chistorical psychologists
94. An axon is a ________.
- Along, tubelike structure extending from a neuron’s cell body
- B. branchlike fiber extending in clusters from a neuron’s cell body
- Cneuron's cell body
95The branchlike fibers extending in clusters from the neuron’s cell body are called ________.
- Aaxons
- Bglial cells
- Cdendrites
96The soma is a ________.
- Abranchlike fiber extending in clusters from a neuron’s cell body
- Bneuron’s cell body
- Clong, tubelike structure extending from a neuron’s cell body
97Which of the following is the correct order of events describing the movement of an
electrical charge through a neuron?- Adendrite, axon, cell body
- Baxon, cell body, dendrite
- Cdendrite, cell body, axon
98Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the route followed by nerve impulses
when one neuron communicates with another?- Adendrite, cell body, axon
- Bdendrite, axon, cell body
- Caxon, cell body, dendrite
99Agonists and antagonists mimic or impede neurotransmitters by binding to ________.
- Areceptors
- Baxons
- Cthe cell membrane
100Drugs designed to restore neurotransmitter balance in the brain are known as
- Aneuro-responsive medications
- Bpsychotropic medications
- Cagonists
101During action potential, positively charged ________ ions move inside the cell.
- Apotassium
- Bchloride
- Csodium
102During resting potential, before the electric charge is sent, the inside of a neuron has a ________ charge.
- Anegative
- Bneutral
- Cpositive
103If the threshold of excitation is reached, action potential begins, which causes the inside of the cell to temporarily have a ________ charge.
- Anegative
- Bpositive
- Cneutral
104Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs that
- Ablock effects of neurotransmitters by binding to receptors without activating them.
- Bstrengthen the effect of a neurotransmitters by mimicking it at the receptor site.
- Cprevent unused neurotransmitters from being transported back to the neuron.
105The input sites of neurons where signals are received from other neurons are known as
- Adendrites
- Baxons
- Cglial cells
106What is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals?
- Ahyperpolarization
- Bthreshold of excitation
- Caction potential
107Which of the following help neurons line up closely with each other, provide insulation to neurons, transport nutrients and waste products, and mediate immune responses?
- Acell membranes
- Bglial cells
- Cmyelin sheath
108________, which play a supportive role in the nervous system, vastly outnumber ________.
- Aneurons; glial cells
- Baxons; neurotransmitters
- Cglial cells; neurons
109A noninvasive technique that uses magnetic fields to map brain activity by measuring changes in the brain’s blood flow and oxygen levels is called ________.
- Afunctional MRI (fMRI)
- Belectroencephalography (EEG)
- Cpositron emission tomography (PET)
110Doctors want to take a closer look at a schizophrenic patient’s brain to monitor the activity of neurotransmitters while she experiences hallucinations. First, they will give her an injection of a radioactive substance. Which technique will they use?
- Afunctional MRI (fMRI)
- Bpositron emission tomography (PET)
- Celectroencephalograph (EEG)
111After a severe car accident, Tristan struggles to comprehend what people are saying when they speak to him. He probably has damage to
- ABroca's area
- Bthe occipital lobe
- CWernicke's area
112Carrie processes visual information using her
- Aoccipital lobe
- Bparietal lobe
- Ctemporal lobe
113Damage to Broca's area may cause
- Adifficulty walking
- Bdifficulty speaking
- Cdifficulty regulating body temperature
114Devin processes the pain of a fresh paper cut on his finger in the
- Amotor cortex
- Bfrontal lobes
- Csomatosensory cortex
115One reason smells often evoke memories is that the sense of smell
- Ais routed through the limbic system.
- Bis connected the the cerebellum and long-term memory formation.
- Cis routed through the thalamus to the hippocampus.
116Research shows that both hemispheres of the brain are involved in most tasks, but split-brain studies demonstrate that
- Athe left hemisphere is mostly non-verbal.
- Bthe right hemisphere is mostly non-verbal.
- Cthe right hemisphere is responsible for motor movements.
117Stephen has a tumor in his brain and doctors want to assess what areas are impacted. They want a clear picture of the brain, but also want to see changes in the brain’s blood flow. What imaging technique will they use?
- Apositron emission tomography (PET)
- Belectroencephalography (EEG)
- Cfunctional MRI (fMRI)
118Structures that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine and aid in movement are the substantia nigra and the ________, both found in the midbrain.
- Aventral tegmental area
- Bpons
- Chippocampus
119The ________ helps maintain the body’s level of homeostasis and regulates things like body temperature and appetite.
- Ahippocampus
- Bhypothalamus
- Camygdala
120The ________ is involved in regulating the sleep/wake cycle and plays an important role in arousal and alertness.
- Amedulla
- Bpons
- Creticular formation
121The ________ plays an important role in higher-level thinking and decision making.
- Acerebral cortex
- Bthalamus
- Csomatosensory cortex
122The biggest part of the brain, called the ________, contains the cerebral cortex, which is ________ in humans that other animals.
- Aforebrain; smaller
- Bmidbrain; larger
- Cforebrain; larger
123The corpus callosum
- Ais a thick band of neural fibers enabling communication between the two brain hemispheres.
- Bseparates the brain into two halves.
- Cis a large network of neurons on the cerebral cortex.
124The substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and reticular formation can all be found in the
- Aforebrain
- Bhindbrain
- Cmidbrain
125The temporal lobe specializes in
- Ahearing
- Bspeech
- Cvision
126Where is the primary visual cortex housed?
- Athe parietal lobe
- Bthe occipital lobe
- Cthe temporal lobe
127Which type of brain imaging is especially helpful in the study of sleep disorders?
- Aa positron emission tomography (PET)
- Ba functional MRI (fMRI)
- Can electroencephalograph (EEG)
128You can describe something seen in your left visual field with ease because the ________ relays the information to your right hemisphere.
- Acorpus callosum
- Blongitudinal fissure
- Ccentral sulti
129A popular, new personality test consistently yields the same results when given to the same people over a period of several months and when administered to similar people. The test asks so many cultural questions, however, that many think the test does not accurately measure personality. This test has________ reliability and ________ validity.
- Alow; low
- Bhigh; low
- Clow; high
130An experiment is reliable if it
- Acan be replicated by another researcher and provide similar results.
- Bmeasures what it is supposed to measure.
- Ccan accurately predict future behaviors.
131An experiment is valid if it
- Acan be replicated by another researcher and provide similar results.
- Bcan accurately predict future behaviors.
- Cmeasures what it is supposed to measure.
132Francis is studying the relationship between personality traits and drug abuse. If she that there is a significant relationship between these two variables, that means her study would have a p-value around ________ or less.
- A.05
- B.08
- C.10
133Hart is interested in the role of relationships in preventing heart disease. As her patients come into her office in Bluebell, Alabama, she asks them two questions: Are you a in a relationship? Have you experienced any heart problems in the last 8 years? Based on her findings, she concludes that relationships cause cardiovascular (heart) problems. One issue with her methodology is that the results are not generalizable. What does this mean?
- AShe cannot prove causation
- BHer results may not be true for the entire population
- CHer sample was not perfectly random
134If Maria conducts a study and discovers the results seem consistent enough to not have been caused by chance, she can conclude that her findings are
- Astatistically significant
- Breliable
- Cvalid
135If Miguel wants to replicated Sara’s study, which section of Sara’s research article will be most valuable to him?
- Aabstract
- Bdiscussion
- Cmethods
136If an experiment can be easily replicated by another researcher and provide similar results, it is considered
- Avalid
- Breliable
- Cduplicable
137If an experiment measures what it is supposed to measure, it is considered
- Avalid
- Breliable
- Cduplicable
138If every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate in a study, then it is considered a
- Arepresentative sample
- Brandomly assigned study
- Crandom sample
139Random assignment is important in grouping participants in a research study because
- Ait enables the data to be collected for analysis.
- Bit balances out the differences that might naturally exist between participants.
- Cit eliminates variability in the research design.
140Stuart wants to study whether there is a relationship between the number of hours a high school senior spends on social networking sites and their grade point average. He obviously cannot study every 12th grader, so instead he will select a smaller ________ of seniors to study.
- Apopulation
- Bcross-section
- Csample
141The likelihood that a research finding was due to random chance rather than being due to an actual observed change is called the
- Ap-value
- Bdistribution
- Cstatistical significance
142The pattern of variation in data is called the
- Acorrelation
- Bstandard deviation
- Cdistribution
143What is the abstract of a scholarly article?
- AThe section with a summary of the whole article
- BThe section presenting the key findings of the article.
- CThe section explaining the procedure and operational definitions.
144What is the correct term for a pattern of variation that is noted in a given data set?
- Ahistogram
- Bdistribution
- Ccorrelation
145When the findings in a research study are believed to be due to an actual phenomenon under investigation and not due to chance or random occurrence, this is called ________.
- Acause-and-effect
- Bpractical significance
- Cstatistical significance
146Where in a scholarly article would you expect to find a concise summary of the entire experiment?
- Aabstract
- Bdiscussion
- Cintroduction
147Which section of a research article includes an explanation of the procedures used to conduct the experiment?
- Aresults
- Bconclusion
- Cmethods
148Why is it important to use random assignment when determining which research participants will comprise the different treatment groups in the study?
- ABecause there is no form of research that can be conducted without using random assignment.
- BRandom assignment balances out the differences that might naturally exist between participants.
- CRandom assignment eliminates variability from research.
149A person’s conscious and voice of reason and goodness is the
- Aid
- Bego
- Csuperego
150Abraham Maslow is best known for
- Aproposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior.
- Bstudying the influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior.
- Chis interpretation and contribution to dream analysis.
151According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is a way to access the unconscious mind?
- Acreative writing
- Bdream analysis
- Cthe use of reinforcement and punishment
152According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following is a way to access the unconscious mind?
- Aask family and close friends to describe the true nature of another person
- Bthe use of reinforcement and punishment
- Cseemingly innocent slips of the tongue
153B.F. Skinner is to ________ as Pavlov is to ________.
- Aclassical conditioning; operant conditioning
- Boperant conditioning; classical conditioning
- Chumanism; behaviorism
154Functionalism focused on
- Ausing introspection to break down the cognitive experience
- Bhaving people report their own conscious experience
- Chow mental activities help a person adapt to its environment
155Humanism which developed as a reaction to the behaviorism and psychodynamic schools of psychology, emphasized that ________.
- Aeach person is inherently good and motivated to be a healthy functioning individual
- Beach person is inherently good, but therapy is needed to become a healthy individual
- Ceach person is born a blank slate and needs to learn to become a healthy individual
156I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don’t like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph’s behavior.
- Aclassical conditioning
- Bhumanism
- Coperant conditioning
157Pavlov is to ________ and B.F. Skinner is to ________.
- Aoperant conditioning; classical conditioning
- Bhumanism; behaviorism
- Cclassical conditioning; operant conditioning
158Proponents of the early school of ________ psychology argue that our thoughts, feelings, and motives are important in understanding human behavior and that more than just observable actions should be studied.
- Acognitive
- Bbehaviorism
- Cpsychoanalytical
159Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.
- Aa person's consciousness
- Bsexual identity
- Ca person's unconscious
160Psychoanalytic theory focuses on a person’s unconscious and ________.
- Aearly childhood experiences
- Bsexual identity
- Clearned behaviors
161Ryan notices that a lot of people he sees avoid making eye contact while they walk by him on their cell phones. He develops a tentative explanation that people are too focused on their conversation to be distracted by an outside passerby. Ryan’s observation is an example of a
- Atheory
- Bhypothesis
- Cpseudoscience
162Scientific theories
- Aare tentative explanations for behavior.
- Bare educated guesses about natural phenomenon.
- Care supported by evidence.
163Susanna’s parents give her an allowance every day that her bed is made and her room is picked up. Her parents are utilizing principles of
- Aoperant conditioning
- Bclassical conditioning
- Chumanism
164The Sea World animal trainers use rewards (reinforcements) to teach whales, sea lions and dolphins to perform tricks. These training techniques are based on principles from which early school of psychology?
- Astructuralism
- Bbehaviorism
- Ccognitive
165The cognitive revolution turned the emphasis in psychology away from the behavioral focus on only observable behavior to instead
- Ahold that behavior is irrelevant to the study of the mind.
- Bfocus on mental processes and introspection.
- Cacknowledge the existence of internal mental states.
166The ego is
- Athe rational and reasonable part of personality
- Bthe unconscious part of personality responsible for drives like sex and aggression
- Ca person’s conscious and voice of reason and goodness
167The focus on how mental activities help a person adapt to his or her environment is known as
- Astructuralism
- Bpsychoanalysis
- Cfunctionalism
168The id is the
- Arational and reasonable part of personality
- Bconscious and voice of reason and goodness
- Cunconscious part of personality responsible for drives like sex and aggression
169The most accurate definition of psychology is the scientific study of
- Athe mind and behavior
- Bthe soul and the mind
- Csystematic interactions between people
170The psychodynamic school of psychology emphasizes ________.
- Athe way in which the brain organizes perceptions of the world
- Bthe unconscious and early childhood experiences
- Chow behavior helps individuals adapt to demands of their environment
171The rational and reasonable part of personality is known as the
- Aid
- Bsuperego
- Cego
172The superego is
- Athe unconscious part of personality responsible for drives like sex and aggression
- Bthe rational and reasonable part of personality
- Ca person’s conscious and voice of reason and goodness
173The unconscious and early childhood experiences are emphasized by the ________.
- Afunctionalist school of psychology
- Bcognitive school of psychology
- Cpsychodynamic school of psychology
174The unconscious part of personality responsible for drives like sex and aggression is the
- Aid
- Bego
- Csuperego
175Two people may look at the identical image but perceive different things. This phenomenon is studied by
- AFreudian psychologists.
- BGestalt psychologists.
- Cfunctionalists.
176Which of the following are major areas of interest in cognitive psychology?
- Aknowledge and memory
- Bpersonality and development
- Csleep and dreams
177Which of the following are major areas of interest in cognitive psychology?
- Achildhood and dreams
- Bpersonality and development
- Cperception and language
178Which of the following statements most closely aligns with humanism?
- AEach person is negatively affected by unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories.
- BEach person is inherently good, but therapy is needed to become a healthy individual.
- CEach person is inherently good and motivated to be a healthy functioning individual.
- Dself-motivated, and strives to become a healthy, effectively functioning individual.
179Which person was most interested in studying learned behavior?
- AAbraham Maslow
- BB.F. Skinner
- CCarl Rogers
180Which perspective within psychology emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all people?
- Ahumanism
- Bstructuralism
- Cbehaviorism
181Which researcher was more likely to use recording devices and objective measures to examine the mind?
- AWilhelm Wundt
- BSigmund Freud
- CWilliam James
182Which saying best fits gestalt psychology?
- A“Dreams are the royal road to the unconscious.” -Freud
- B“The whole is other than the sum of its parts.” -Koffka
- C“Give me a child until he is 7 and I will show you the man.” -Aristotle
183Which school of psychology was more likely to focus on the operation of the entire mind instead of specific parts?
- Afunctionalism
- Bstructuralism
- Cpsychoanalysis
184Which school of thought emphasized how people process information?
- Ahumanistic psychology
- Bpsychodynamic psychology
- Ccognitive psychology
185Which school of thought emphasized observable behavior and objectivity?
- Astructuralism
- Bbehaviorism
- Ccognitive psychology
186Which school of thought emphasized the unconscious influences on thought and behavior?
- Ahumanistic psychology
- Bpsychodynamic psychology
- Ccognitive psychology
187Which school of thought emphasized the development of a healthy and effectively functioning person?
- Ahumanistic psychology
- Bcognitive psychology
- Cpsychodynamic psychology
188Which school of thought emphasized the use of introspection to categorize and break down sensations into basic elements?
- Abehaviorism
- Bcognitive psychology
- Cstructuralism
189While behaviorism focused on only observable behavior, cognitive psychology
- Aacknowledges the existence of internal mental states
- Bfocuses on mental processes and introspection
- Cholds that behavior is irrelevant to the study of the mind
190Wilhelm Wundt’s usage of introspection to measure the workings of the mindan experiment is reliable is known as
- Afunctionalism
- Bstructuralism
- Cpsychoanalysis
191William James is best known for
- Afunctionalism
- Bstructuralism
- Cpsychoanalysis
192You spend weeks teaching your new dog how to roll over. The rewards and reinforcers you use to shape her behavior are based on which early school of psychology?
- Afunctionalism
- Bcognitive
- Cbehaviorism
193________ is the name for Wundt’s approach of asking patients to look inward and describe their feelings in order to understand consciousness.
- Astructuralism
- Bfunctionalism
- Cpsychoanalysis
194________ psychologist Kurt Koffka is known for saying “the whole is other than the sum of its parts.”
- Apsychoanalytical
- Bstructuralist
- Cgestalt
195________ psychologists emphasized the importance of thoughts and internal mental states instead of just observable actions.
- Abehavioral
- Bcognitive
- Cpsychoanalytical
196The peripheral nervous system is composed of the
- Aautonomic and sympathetic nervous systems
- Bparasympathetic and somatic nervous systems
- Csomatic and autonomic nervous systems
197The terms autonomic and somatic refer to the two main subdivisions of the ________.
- Asympathetic nervous system
- Bperipheral nervous system
- Ccentral nervous system
198A psychologist who studies the interaction between hormones and behavior is called a
- Abiophysiological psychologist.
- Bhormonal psychologists
- Cbehavioral endocrinologist.
199After a stressful day at school and work, Kristen attends a yoga class. At the end of the class, Kristen lays quietly on her mat while paying close attention to her breathing. Her ________ nervous system is activated.
- Asympathetic
- Bparasympathetic
- Csomatic
200Conscious and voluntary movements are associated with the ________ nervous system.
- Asomatic
- Bparasympathetic
- Csympathetic
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- Psychology Quiz on #1, created by Mary Michael Evans on 24/01/2020.
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