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RNA Structure

Brooks Johnson 7 questions

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  1. 1RNA differs from DNA in three main aspects:

    1) [blank_start]ribose[blank_end] instead of 2'-[blank_start]deoxyribose[blank_end]

    2) RNA contains [blank_start]U[blank_end] rather than [blank_start]T[blank_end]

    3) RNA is usually [blank_start]single[blank_end]-stranded
    1. Aribose
    2. Bdeoxyribose
    3. CU
    4. DT
    5. Esingle
  2. 2Label the following image.Image for question 2
    1. Abulge
    2. Binternal loop
    3. Cjunctionn
    4. Dhairpin
  3. 3[blank_start]Tetraloop[blank_end]: UUCG has unusual base stacking, U interacts with ribose and increases stability

    [blank_start]Pseudoknot[blank_end]: Base pairing with distant regions can yield this twisting structure. The figure below illustrates how the pseudoknot structure is formed by base pairing with 5' upstream nucleotides.
    1. ATetraloop
    2. BPseudoknot
  4. 4Uracil allows for base pairing that cannot happen in DNA:

    [blank_start]G[blank_end]:[blank_start]U[blank_end] pairing
    [blank_start]U[blank_end]:[blank_start]A[blank_end]:[blank_start]U[blank_end] triple
    1. AG
    2. BU
    3. CU
    4. DA
    5. EU
  5. 5Due to unconventional base pairing, base triples and base-backbone interactions, RNA can form [blank_start]tertiary[blank_end] structures. Proteins may also assist in forming these tertiary structures, e.g. ribosomes. These structures are also capable of changing conformation and this increases their biological significance.
    1. Atertiary
  6. 6Traditionally, RNA structure was predicted using NMR and X-ray crystallography. Both of these methods are challenging and expensive. Recently, a method called 'mutate and map' has been developed to determine RNA structure. In this method, the RNA is first mutated by introducing a nucleotide substitution and then the mutant is chemically modified. Chemical modification is done by a method referred to as SHAPE ([blank_start]Selective[blank_end] 2'-Hydroxyl [blank_start]Acylation[blank_end] analyzed by [blank_start]Primer[blank_end] [blank_start]Extension[blank_end]). SHAPE tags the unpaired nucleotides at their 2'-OH and the position of the upaired nucleotide is then determined by primer extension.
    1. ASelective
    2. BAcylation
    3. CPrimer
    4. DExtension
  7. 7[blank_start]RNAse P[blank_end] has a protein component and an RNA component (M1 RNA). RNA appears to have the active site, while the protein component stabilizes RNA or helps in some other fashion. With [blank_start]self[blank_end]-[blank_start]splicing[blank_end] introns (a class of introns), the intron is both the enzyme and substrate. The introns require a guanosine cofactor and are inhibited by 3’-deoxyguanosine. An internal guide sequence binds to the 5’ end of the splice site. The hammerhead ribozyme is a [blank_start]metalloenzyme[blank_end] that interacts with Mg++. RNA cleavage reactions are catalyzed. See the ribozyme animation in Unit 2 for more detail.
    1. ARNAse P
    2. Bself
    3. Csplicing
    4. Dmetalloenzyme

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Description
Molecular Biology (Unit 2) Quiz on RNA Structure, created by Brooks Johnson on 03/06/2020.
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English
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