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Drug Targets - Enzymes/Channels/Transporters

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University Physiology and Pharmacology Quiz on Drug Targets - Enzymes/Channels/Transporters, created by Becca Shaw on 07/05/2015.
Becca Shaw
Quiz by Becca Shaw, updated more than 1 year ago
Becca Shaw
Created by Becca Shaw almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
When a false substrate drug acts on an enzyme, an abnormal metabolite is produced. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
Drugs can potentiate enzymes (i.e. increase their activity). True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
An inactive drug is produced when a pro-drug binds to an enzyme. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
Nitric oxide stimulates what enzyme?
Answer
  • Hydroxylcarboxylase
  • Phosphatase kinase
  • Guanylate cyclase
  • Acetyloxidase

Question 5

Question
Drugs releasing nitric oxide (NO) are used to treat what?
Answer
  • Angina
  • Bacterial infections
  • Asthma
  • Stomach ulcers

Question 6

Question
Which of the following drugs inhibits cyclo-oxygenase?
Answer
  • Fluoxetine
  • Paracetamol
  • Aspirin
  • Quinine

Question 7

Question
Which of the following drugs inhibits phosphodiesterase?
Answer
  • Aspirin
  • Caffeine
  • Paracetamol
  • Tetracycline

Question 8

Question
What roles does the drug Aspirin play?
Answer
  • Anticoagulant
  • Analgesic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antipyrectic

Question 9

Question
Aspirin is a reversible enzyme inhibitor. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
What is the function of the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase?
Answer
  • Converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins
  • Adds a phosphate group to adenine diphosphate
  • Oxidises a cyclic organic molecule
  • Removes an oxygen group form a cyclic organic molecule

Question 11

Question
When Aspirin inhbits cyclo-oxygenase, what cellular effects are affected?
Answer
  • Inflammation
  • Pain
  • Vascular tone (contractile activity of smooth muscle in small arteries and arterioles)
  • Platelet function (prevents bleeding)

Question 12

Question
Which of the following statements are true about L-DOPA (levodopa)?
Answer
  • Prevents symptoms of rigidty and tremor
  • Increases the level of dopamine in the body
  • Activates an enzyme to produce more dopamine
  • Can be used to treat Parkinson's disease

Question 13

Question
In Parkinson's disease, there are reduced levels of what neurotransmitter in what part of the brain?
Answer
  • Dopamine, cerebrum
  • Acetylcholine, basal ganglia
  • Dopamine, basal ganglia
  • Acetylcholine, cerebrum

Question 14

Question
Why can L-DOPA be used to treat Parkinson's disease?
Answer
  • It enters the peripheral nervous system
  • L-DOPA can cross the blood-brain barrier
  • L-DOPA is the immediate precursor of dopamine
  • It acts directly upon muscles to prevent symptoms of rigidity and tremor

Question 15

Question
Which of the following statements are true regarding the properties of L-DOPA and dopamine?
Answer
  • DOPA-decarboxylase acts upon L-DOPA to produce dopamine
  • L-DOPA and dopamine can cross the blood-brain barrier
  • Removing a carboxylic acid group from L-DOPA forms the neurotransmitter, dopamine
  • Dopamine can be used to prevent symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Question 16

Question
L-DOPA is administered as a medicine. Given alone, dopamine levels would increase in the brain and periphery. How may this be prevented?
Answer
  • Administer L-DOPA in very small quantities
  • Co-administering a DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g. carbidopa)
  • Closely monitor L-DOPA levels in the body once administered
  • Co-administer with an enzyme that removes dopamine from the body

Question 17

Question
Carbidopa does not cross the blood brain barrier. Therefore dopamine concentrations are only increased in the brain. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
Neostigmine is an example of what?
Answer
  • An anticoagulant
  • An analgesic
  • A neurotransmitter
  • An anti-cholinesterase

Question 19

Question
Treatment with anti-cholinesterases boosts the effects of acetylcholine. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
In general anaesthesia, the action of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is stimulated. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
What effects does inhibiting cholinesterase have?
Answer
  • Prevents acetylcholine breakdown
  • Blocks the action of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
  • Indirectly increases acetylcholine concentration
  • Displaces the receptor blocker (a competitive antagonist) from the receptor, reversing its effects

Question 22

Question
Which of the following statements are true regarding the disease Myasthenia gravis?
Answer
  • Muscles that control swallowing are unaffected by the disease
  • It is an auto-immune disease in which antibodies develop against the muscle nicotinic Ach receptor
  • It is treated with anti-cholinesterases to boost the action of Ach
  • Symptoms of the disease include drooping eyelids and muscle weakness

Question 23

Question
Ion channel blockers allow permeation. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Ion channel modulators increase/decrease opening probability. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
Which of the following is false: ion channels are grouped by
Answer
  • Overall charge
  • How they open (i.e. pressure, voltage)
  • Ion selectivity
  • Their molecular structure

Question 26

Question
What is the function of verapamil?
Answer
  • Acts as a competitive agonist
  • Blocks calcium channels
  • Opens potassium channels
  • Inhibits nicotinic receptors

Question 27

Question
Calcium ion channel blockers are used to treat which of the following?
Answer
  • Hypertension
  • Angina
  • Heart failure
  • Arrythmia

Question 28

Question
Which of the following statements is false regarding sodium ion channel blockers?
Answer
  • Inhibits influx of sodium, preventing action potential propagation
  • Lidocaine is an example of a sodium ion channel blocker
  • Verapamil is an example of a sodium ion channel blocker
  • Sodium channel blockers act as local anasethetics

Question 29

Question
Transporters move ions down their electrochemical gradient. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
The action of transporters requires energy from
Answer
  • ATP hydrolysis (active transport)
  • Borrowing energy from other biochemical reactions (pre-transport)
  • Utilising an existing ion gradient (co-transport)
  • Energy is not required for the action of transporters

Question 31

Question
Which drug blocks Na+/K+ ATPase to treat heart failure?
Answer
  • Fluoxetine
  • Lidocaine
  • Dopamine
  • Digoxin

Question 32

Question
Fluoxetine is an example of
Answer
  • An anticoagulant
  • An antidepressant
  • A local anaesthetic
  • An antipyretic

Question 33

Question
The drug Fluoxetine is an example of a Serotonin-Selective Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI). True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Treatment with Serotonin-Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) increases the effects of the 5HT receptor. True or false?
Answer
  • True
  • False
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