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Questions in this quiz (25)
1A school district decides to compare a new math textbook with the textbook that has been used for the past few years. Each of the fourth graders in one school is randomly assigned to be in one of two classes, one in which a teacher continues using the old book and another in which a new teacher uses the new book. The school administrators compare the average scores of the two classes on a mathematics standardized test at the end of the year to determine which book is better.
Which of the following is a potential confound in this study?- AThere are different children in fourth grade this year than there were last year.
- BBoth classes have children who report that they do not like math.
- CThe standardized test is graded incorrectly.
- DThe teachers have different amounts of teaching experience.
2A(n) _____ by Cartwright-Hatton and his colleagues (2010) summarizes 10 studies on the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) as a treatment for anxiety disorders of childhood and adolescence.
- Aempirical journal article
- Bpopular media article
- Cencyclopedia article
- Dreview journal article
3After two students from his school commit suicide, Marcelino thinks that the most likely cause of death in teenagers is suicide. What type of bias is affecting his thinking?
- Athe present/present bias
- Bconfirmatory hypothesis testing
- Ccherry-picking evidence
- Dthe availability heuristic
4As part of an assignment for his Introduction to Psychology class, Gilbert has to read a journal article, summarize it, and compare it with what is reported in his textbook. Gilbert selects the article "Effects of Severe Daily Events on Mood," Stone and Neale (1984). Assuming that the article is written in accordance with APA style guidelines, what is the correct order of sections Gilbert should expect to find in this article?
- AIntroduction, Discussion, Method, Results, Abstract, References
- BAbstract, Introduction, Results, Method, Discussion, References
- CAbstract, Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, References
- DAbstract, Method, Results, Introduction, Discussion, References
5As part of an assignment for his Introduction to Psychology class, Gilbert has to read a journal article, summarize it, and compare it to what is reported in his textbook. Gilbert selects the article "Effects of Severe Daily Events on Mood," Stone and Neale (1984). If Gilbert wanted to repeat the study, which section would he consult to find the details of the study's design?
- Aintroduction
- Bmethod
- Cresults
- Ddiscussion
6As part of an assignment for his Introduction to Psychology class, Gilbert has to read a journal article, summarize it, and compare it to what is reported in his textbook. Gilbert selects the article "Effects of Severe Daily Events on Mood," Stone and Neale (1984). If Gilbert wanted to read about the study's contributions and significance, he should look at which section of the article?
- Aintroduction
- Bmethod
- Cresults
- Ddiscussion
7Carolyn sometimes taps on the basketball before shooting a free throw. She has noticed the times when she taps and makes the free throw more than she notices the times she makes the free throw without tapping the ball. Carolyn is experiencing which of the following?
- Athe bias blind spot
- Bthe present/present bias
- Cconfound bias
- Dcherry-picking
8Dr. Friedman suspects that women who work outside the home might be frustrated with the balance of responsibilities in their household. She devises a survey to give to married women employed outside the home that includes the question "Does your spouse bother to help you around the house?" What is the problem with Dr. Friedman's approach?
- AIt is an example of faulty thinking.
- BIt is an example of asking hypothesis-confirming questions.
- CIt reflects the present/present bias.
- DIt is cherry-picking the evidence.
9Even when people are aware that individuals generally think in a biased way, they tend to think that they are unlikely to fall prey to those biases. This kind of bias is called which of the following?
- Apresent/present bias
- Bbias blind spot
- Cavailability heuristic
- Dconfirmation bias
10Hilda is studying the effects of a major natural disaster on people living nearby. She finds that many of the victims are depressed and show stress-related symptoms. Why can't Hilda conclude that the natural disaster caused the depression and stress-related symptoms?
- AShe doesn't have a comparison group.
- BShe doesn't have a theory.
- CShe hasn't done enough background research.
- DShe is relying on intuition.
11In a developmental psychology class, Trina learned about Baumarind's (1971, 1991) work on parenting styles. She recognized that her parents used an authoritarian style of parenting, as did all her relatives. Because that was the style of parenting she planned to use, she researched the advantages to that style while ignoring any studies that support the use of another parenting style. What is the term for what Trina was doing?
- Aconfirmatory hypothesis testing
- Bcherry-picking the evidence
- Cshowing a self-serving bias
- Dcreating a good story
12In research, a confound is
- Aan alternative explanation for an outcome that comes about because more than one thing changed at the same time.
- Bwhen the outcome of a study contradicts the researcher's hypothesis.
- Can instance when the actual outcome is contrary to the probabilistic prediction.
- Dthe difficulty we experience in thinking of counterexamples to our beliefs.
13Pavlina believes that people in red cars are much more likely to speed than people in cars of other colors. She is probably the victim of what tendency?
- Athe availability heuristic
- Bthe present/present bias
- Ccherry-picking evidence
- Dthe bias blind spot
14Research suggests that the time a student spends studying for an exam is positively related to the grade that student receives on the exam. However, last week, you took an exam without studying and got an A on the exam. What should you conclude about the relationship between study time and exam scores?
- AYou should ignore the research and base your conclusions on your own experience.
- BYou should conclude that the research findings were probably wrong.
- CAlthough your experience with one exam is an exception, the research findings explain a certain proportion of the many possible cases.
- DBecause your experience was different than the research, you should conclude that there is no relationship between study time and exam scores.
15The idea that things that easily come to mind tend to guide our thinking is known as which of the following?
- Arepresentativeness heuristic
- Bthe confirmation bias
- Cthe present/present bias
- Dthe availability heuristic
16What does it mean to say that research is probabilistic?
- AThere is a high likelihood that the research is valid.
- BThe research predicts all possible results.
- CConclusions are meant to explain a certain proportion of possible cases.
- DYou must reject the conclusions if you are able to find a case that is an exception.
17Which of the following is NOT a format in which psychological scientists typically publish their research?
- Aempirical journal articles
- Bpopular magazine articles
- Cchapters in edited books
- Dreview journal articles
18Which of the following is NOT a reason why basing one's conclusions on research is superior to basing one's conclusions on personal experience?
- AExperience is confounded.
- BExperience has no comparison group.
- CResearch definitively proves theories.
- DResearch involves systematically and objectively comparing conditions.
19Which of the following is NOT a reason why basing one's conclusions on research is superior to basing one's conclusions on intuition?
- AIntuition may lead you to a conclusion that is logical but incorrect.
- BIntuition may lead you to a conclusion that comes to mind easily but is incorrect.
- CIntuition may lead you to a conclusion that fits with what you already believed but is incorrect.
- DIntuition always leads you to a conclusion that is incorrect.
20Which of the following is NOT an example of faulty thinking that might occur when relying on intuition?
- Acoming to a conclusion just because it "makes sense"
- Bnoticing the instances that occur when we expect them to
- Cfocusing on the instances that come to mind quickly
- Dtesting your hunches through systematic, empirical observations
21Which of the following is a quantitative technique used in some review articles that combines the results of many studies and gives a number that summarizes the magnitude of a relationship?
- Amacro-analytical procedure
- Banalysis of variance
- Cmeta-analysis
- Dempiricism
22Which of the following is a reason to trust the advice of authorities?
- AAuthorities systematically and objectively compare different conditions.
- BAuthorities cherry-pick the evidence to support their own position.
- CAuthorities base their advice on their own experience and intuition.
- DThe research cited by authorities may be unreliable.
23Which of the following is considered one of the best, most comprehensive ways to find psychological research articles?
- APscyhINFO
- BWikis
- Cthe popular media
- DGoogle
24Which of the following is the term used in psychology to describe a person who is an actor playing a specific role as part of an experiment?
- Aimposter
- Bconfederate
- Cstooge
- Daccomplice
25Which of these is NOT a characteristic of an edited book?
- AAn edited book is a collection of chapters on a common topic.
- BEach chapter within an edited book is written by a different contributor.
- CChapters in an edited book typically are summaries of sets of research.
- DThe peer-review process for edited books is more rigorous than for that of a journal.
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- Psychology Quiz on quiz 2, created by Sandra Bell on 25/10/2020.
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- Sandra Bell
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- English
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