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Psyc 201W Final - Research Methods
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Questions in this quiz (33)
1The advantage of using the Internet for selecting participants is:
- AReaching out to individuals in other cultures
- BFinding people of different types; for e.g., people with disabilities
- CHaving access to a larger population
- DYou can investigate aspects of unique populations
- EAll of the above
2The magnitude of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable is:
- Apower
- Beffect size
- Calpha level
- Dsignificance level
- Ebeta level
3When scheduling animal studies with rats, the researcher must be aware of the implications of scheduling because:
- ARats show a preference for activity when they are not watched
- BRats are more active in the dark phase or night
- CRats are too fast to be observed accurately
- DRats may refuse to cooperate
- ERats may fall sick often and have to be replaced
4When giving consent to participate in a study, the consent form should be in simple, first-person layperson’s language, but the following is not true:
- AParticipants could receive monetary compensation
- BParticipants can refuse to answer any uncomfortable questions later
- CThe participants' records can be used for other studies
- DParticipants can withdraw from the study at any time without penalty
- EAlternate procedures beneficial to the participant should be identified
5 One way to ensure that participants understand an instruction is to:
- Ainclude 'warm-up' trials
- Bhave terse and succinct instructions
- Cask participants to relax and enjoy the test
- Dprovide a choice of operations
- Etell participants to guess when they do not have the answer
6Which among the following is not true for making a causal inference from a quasi-experimental design?
- Acause and effect must be related
- Bcause must precede the effect
- Cthere should be no influence of an extraneous variable
- Dthe participants are randomly assigned to groups
7 Stating how multiple dependent variables will change after the intervention is known
as control by ___________________________.- Aidentification of plausible threats
- Bdesign
- Ccoherent pattern matching
- Dmanipulation of independent variable
8In a selection group, when the two groups are from different populations, what is the possible threat to internal validity?
- Aselection-maturation bias
- Bselection-instrumentation bias
- Cselection-regression bias
- Dselection-history bias
9What occurs in a crossover effect that is not readily explained by a rival hypothesis?
- AThe control group performs better at pretesting, but the experimental group performs better at posttesting
- BThe control group shows no change
- Cthe experimental group starts higher
- Dthe experimental group increases at a faster rate
10For a group of long-distance runners who have been assigned to a program, a researcher wants to study whether there has been any significant improvement in endurance. The program uses creative coaching methods simulating real-life situations to increase the endurance ability of the athletes. The researcher plans to use the regression discontinuity design as the samples already fulfill the criteria of being long-distance runners. Which among the following criteria violates the requirement of the design?
- Aassignment to the comparison group is based on the distance run
- Bthe cut-off score should not be close to the longest distance
- Cthe sample must be a mix of long-and short-distance runners.
- Dthe experimenter must have control over the assignment
11Single-case research designs can be used with:
- Aa single participant
- Ba group of participants
- Cboth a single participant and a group of participants
- Dmultiple groups
- Esingle treatment
12A single-case design is experimental because it permits us to introduce a planned intervention into the research program. The design includes:
- AA before-after comparison
- BEvaluation of the effect of the independent variable
- CUse of multiple pre- and posttreatment measures
- DUninterrupted time-series design
- EAll of the above
13If we want to avoid the carryover effect where the treatment resulted in relatively
permanent changes, we should:- AReverse the changes
- BWithdraw treatment condition
- CUse multiple-baseline design
- DControl the type of change
- EMeasure immediate change only
14When using the changing-criterion design in an experiment, you would expect to do
the following:- AIntroduce a change in one participant and engineer it to produce a change in the remaining targets
- BAdminister a single treatment method successively to several participants after collecting the baseline data
- CApply the criterion to an alternate but incompatible behaviour
- DShape behaviour gradually by changing the criterion for success in successive treatment periods
- EEmploy and measure multiple variables with one participant
15A therapeutic condition occurs when:
- AThe treatment has eliminated a disorder
- BThe treatment has improved everyday life for the participant
- CA clinical significance is included and the experiment is taken beyond just a
chance administration of a placebo. - DAll of the above take place
16Which of the following is different from both cross-sectional and longitudinal research, taking independent samples from a general population over time?
- AParallel study
- BPanel study
- CTrend study
- DProspective study
17What is the main difference between a questionnaire and an interview?
- AQuestionnaires are paper-pencil instruments
- BInterviews don't require trained administrators
- CParticipants can complete a questionnaire on their own
- DQuestionnaires can be used for follow-up questionnaires
18“What is your opinion on the progressive views of the actor?” is an example of a
_____________ question:- ALeading
- BLoaded
- CDouble-barreled
- DClose-ended
19You must ensure that response categories are both _____________ and
_____________:- Amutually exclusive and exhaustive
- Bclose-ended and exhaustive
- Cmutually exclusive and open-ended
- Dclose-ended and exploratory
20 In order to avoid social desirability, you should:
- ATell participants that their responses will be anonymous
- BUse equally desirable binary forced-choice responses
- CTell participants to be open and honest
- DAll of the above
21Which of the following is most likely to use social “construction” of reality as the research
objective?- Aquantitative research
- Bqualitative research
- Cmixed methods research
- Dgeneralizable research
22 What type of information is primarily expected from a quantitative research report?
- Astatistical and correlation
- Bnarrative and contextual
- Cmixture of statistics and qualitative data
- Dparticularistic findings and claims
23Which characteristic of qualitative research encourages understanding without judgement?
- Anaturalistic inquiry
- Bpersonal experience and engagement
- Cempathetic neutrality and mindfulness
- Dcontext sensitivity
24The use of multiple research methods to study a phenomenon is called:
- ATheory triangulation
- BData triangulation
- CInvestigator triangulation
- DMethods triangulation
25 In ethnography, the objective outsider’s perspective of culture is called:
- AEmic perspective
- BEtic perspective
- CMacro perspective
- DHolism
26What among the following is not true about a case study?
- AIt is an intensive and detailed description
- BIt emphasizes the environment in which it exists
- CIt tries to access the participant's life world
- DIt is common in clinical and counseling psychology
27 The goal of inferential statistics is to:
- ASummarize the research data
- BGo beyond the immediate set of data
- CSummarize key numerical characteristics of the data set
- DCalculate the averages of the experimental and control groups
28The depiction of a continuous frequency distribution in bar format is called
- Ahistogram
- Bbar graph
- Cline graph
- Dscatterplots
29Mode is not a very good indicator of the central tendency for which of the following
sets of data?- A0, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8
- B1, 3, 5, 7, 7, 7, 9, 9
- C1, 2, 2, 5, 7, 10, 10, 10
- D2, 4, 6, 6, 8, 10, 12
30Variance can be measured as the:
- ASquare of standard deviation
- BHighest minus lowest number in a set
- CCenter point in a set of ascending numbers
- DAverage distance from the mean
31 A correlation coefficient is a numerical index...
- Athat is represented by the square root of variance
- Branging from –1.00 to +1.00
- Cof cases falling within 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations from the mean on a normal distribution
- Dthat falls within one standard deviation from the mean on a bell curve
32 The difference between the two means using natural units of data is:
- AUnstandardized difference between means
- BStandardized difference between means
33A regression coefficient is defined as:
- Athe point where the regression line crosses the Y axis
- Bthe predicted change in the dependent variable Y for every one-unit change in the independent variable X
- Ca single independent or predictor variable
- Da linear relationship
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