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Environmental Science - Chapter Two

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I'm using "Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories" 4th edition by Withgott & Laposata
jenniferogo
Quiz by jenniferogo, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Remington Miller
Created by Remington Miller over 10 years ago
Sheena Gardner
Copied by Sheena Gardner over 10 years ago
jenniferogo
Copied by jenniferogo over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
An environment consists of complex networks of interlinked systems.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
What is a system?
Answer
  • A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish different goals.
  • A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish the same goal.
  • One part working to accomplish many different goals.

Question 3

Question
Without a part, the system will still work properly.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
System inputs _?
Answer
  • Pull something out of the system.
  • Put something into the system
  • Take something away from the system
  • Don't do anything to interact with the system

Question 5

Question
System outputs _?
Answer
  • Are the result of the system inputs
  • Create the same input again for the same system
  • Are useless

Question 6

Question
A system output can serve as a input.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
What are the types of feedback loops?
Answer
  • Positive
  • Electron
  • Neutral
  • Negative

Question 8

Question
In a negative feedback loop, the output acts as an input that moves the system, in a new direction.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Most systems do not use a negative feedback loop.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
A negative feedback loop pushes towards _.
Answer
  • equilibrium
  • preservation
  • combustion
  • unsustainability

Question 11

Question
A positive feedback loop has the opposite effect of the negative feedback loop.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
A positive feedback loop pushes towards _.
Answer
  • combustion
  • stable situations
  • unstable situations

Question 13

Question
Positive feedback loops are rare in nature.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
What is the lithosphere?
Answer
  • Earth's decay
  • Earth's crust
  • Everything but earth's crust

Question 15

Question
What is the atmosphere?
Answer
  • Water
  • Outer space
  • Air surrounding our planet

Question 16

Question
What is the hydrosphere?
Answer
  • All land
  • All water
  • Everything but water

Question 17

Question
What is the biosphere?
Answer
  • Total of all the planet's biotic and abiotic components.
  • Total of all the planet's biotic components
  • Total of all the planet's abiotic components
  • Total of all the planet's water

Question 18

Question
Eutrophication is the process of nutrient over-enrichment.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Chemistry does not play a central role in many environmental challenges.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
All material that has mass and occupies space is matter.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Laws of Conservation of Matter
Answer
  • can be transformed
  • cannot be transformed
  • cannot be destroyed or created
  • stays constant as its recycled

Question 22

Question
An element is _.
Answer
  • a fundamental type of matter
  • a fundamental type of science

Question 23

Question
An element cannot be broken down into any other substances with other properties.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Each element is composed of
Answer
  • atoms
  • three neutrons
  • element

Question 25

Question
An atom is the smallest component that maintains the chemical properties of the element.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Each atom has a nucleus with
Answer
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
  • proteins
  • chemicals

Question 27

Question
An element will always have the same number of
Answer
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
  • nuclei

Question 28

Question
An element can have different numbers of neutrons or electrons.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
Isotopes _.
Answer
  • can have different numbers of neutrons
  • can have different numbers of electrons
  • can change its behavior
  • can be radioactive
  • cannot be radioactive

Question 30

Question
Ions are positively charged.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
Ions are atoms that can gain or lose
Answer
  • protons
  • nuclei
  • neutrons
  • electrons

Question 32

Question
A pH scale
Answer
  • measures oxygen
  • measures hydrogen
  • measures carbon
  • measures nitrogen

Question 33

Question
Hydrogen ions and whether they are acidic or basic is
Answer
  • counted on a balance
  • measured on a pH scale
  • measured on a pH ruler
  • oberserved

Question 34

Question
Molecules are _.
Answer
  • the combination of two or more atoms
  • the combination of two atoms
  • the combination of four of the same atoms

Question 35

Question
Molecules composed of two or more different elemets are called compounds.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
Organic compounds are
Answer
  • Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • Hydrogen atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • Carbon atoms bonded to carbon atoms
  • Nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms

Question 37

Question
Polymers are long chains of repeated molecules.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
Hydrocarbons are
Answer
  • compounds of hydrogen and carbon
  • compounds of hydrogen and nitrogen
  • compounds of carbon and nitrogen

Question 39

Question
Macromolecules are
Answer
  • Large molecules
  • Small molecules
  • Medium molcules
  • Microscopic molecules

Question 40

Question
What are three essential macromolecules?
Answer
  • Carbohydrates
  • Nucleic acids
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

Question 41

Question
Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
Amino acids do not determine the identity of proteins.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
Amino acids
Answer
  • Store energy
  • Transport substances
  • Provide structural support
  • Produce tissue

Question 44

Question
Amino acids are the building blocks of life.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Nucleic acid direct protein production.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Nucleic acid carries
Answer
  • protein information
  • genetic information
  • mental information
  • carbohydrate information

Question 47

Question
What are the two types of nucleic acid?
Answer
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • RDNA
  • CNA

Question 48

Question
Carbohydrates are
Answer
  • simple sugars
  • complex sugars
  • simple proteins
  • nucleic acids

Question 49

Question
What are the two major types of energy?
Answer
  • Combustion energy
  • Potential energy
  • Wind energy
  • Kinetic energy

Question 50

Question
Potential energy is the energy of
Answer
  • position
  • chemicals
  • atoms
  • motion

Question 51

Question
Kinetic energy is the energy of
Answer
  • poisition
  • chemicals
  • wind
  • motion

Question 52

Question
Chemical energy is potential energy in the bonds of atoms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
Why is it important to have energy?
Answer
  • To do anything
  • To run
  • To do nothing

Question 54

Question
In the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 55

Question
In the Second Law of Thermodynamics,
Answer
  • the nature of energy will change from a more ordered state to a less ordered state
  • the nature of energy will change from a less ordered state to a more ordered state

Question 56

Question
The Earth's energy comes from the moon.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 57

Question
Autotrophs are also know as consumers.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 58

Question
Autotrophs are known as producers.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 59

Question
Autotrophs
Answer
  • Use the sun's energy to produce their own food
  • Use the sun's energy to decompose
  • Do not use the sun's energy to produce their own food

Question 60

Question
Autotrophs
Answer
  • turn chemical energy into light energy
  • turn light energy into chemical energy
  • turn light energy into soil
  • turn chemical energy into wind energy

Question 61

Question
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugars.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 62

Question
The components of photosynthesis are
Answer
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Shade
  • Sunlight
  • Soil
  • Sugar
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen

Question 63

Question
Heterotrophs can produce their own food.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
What are the components of cellular respiration?
Answer
  • Water
  • Energy
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Sunlight
  • Sugar
  • Oxygen
  • Monoxide
  • CO2

Question 65

Question
Energy is kept as heat in a one-way flow through the system.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 66

Question
An ecosystem is all of the organisms and non-living entities in a particular area at the same time
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 67

Question
Primary production is the
Answer
  • conversion of solar energy to sugars
  • conversion of sugars to solar energy
  • conversion or water to gas
  • conversion of solar energy to wind energy

Question 68

Question
Gross primary production is the
Answer
  • use of energy made by the heterotrophs themselves
  • use of energy made by the plants themselves
  • use of atoms made by the plants themselves

Question 69

Question
Net primary production is energy left over to put into biomass.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 70

Question
All ecosystems produce biomass at the same rate.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 71

Question
Elements and compounds are consumed and required for survival of organisms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 72

Question
Nitrogen has
Answer
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 4 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 4 protons, 4 neutrons

Question 73

Question
Phosphorus has
Answer
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 15 protons, 15 neutrons
  • 17 protons, 17 neutrons

Question 74

Question
Oxygen has
Answer
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 7 protons, 8 neutrons
  • 8 protons, 8 neutrons

Question 75

Question
Carbon has
Answer
  • 7 protons, 6 neutrons
  • 6 protons, 6 neutrons
  • 6 protons, 7 neutrons

Question 76

Question
Carbon dioxide is a colorless gad used by plants for photosynthesis, given off by repiration, and released by burning fossil fuels.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 77

Question
Ionic bonds are
Answer
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between positively charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between negatively charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between neutrally charged ions.

Question 78

Question
A watershed is the entire area of a river from when a pipe drains into an ocean.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 79

Question
Hypoxia is the condition of extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in a body of water.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 80

Question
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by atoms "sharing" electrons.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 81

Question
What is a solution?
Answer
  • A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together without chemically bonding.
  • A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together with an ionic bond.
  • Plasma

Question 82

Question
Methane is a colorless gas produced primarily by anaerobic decomposition.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 83

Question
The ozone
Answer
  • is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms
  • absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere
  • absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere
  • is a molecule consisting of four oxygen atoms

Question 84

Question
What happens in biogeochemical cycles?
Answer
  • Nutrients cycle through the stratosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
  • Chemicals cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
  • Nutrients cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Question 85

Question
What is a flux?
Answer
  • Movement among ponds
  • Movement among reservoirs
  • Movement among oceans

Question 86

Question
A source is a reservoir that releases more nutrients than they accept
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 87

Question
In a sink, the reservoir accepts more than it releases.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 88

Question
What are the three forms of the hydrolytic cycle?
Answer
  • liquid
  • plasma
  • gas
  • solid

Question 89

Question
Water gets into the atmosphere only by evaporation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 90

Question
What is transpiration?
Answer
  • Evaporation from plants
  • Evaporation from snow
  • Evaporation in general

Question 91

Question
Runoff is water flowing over land.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 92

Question
Human have only impacted some aspects of the water cycle.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 93

Question
How have we impacted the water cycle?
Answer
  • Overfilled water sources
  • Decreased evaporation
  • Depleted water sources
  • Reduced transpiration
  • Increased transpiration
  • Increased evaporation

Question 94

Question
Carbon is a part of every living thing.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 95

Question
Producers pull _ from the atmosphere.
Answer
  • CO2
  • H2O
  • N
  • K

Question 96

Question
Producers put some CO2 back into the atmosphere.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 97

Question
CO2 becomes incorporated into the tissues of _ and _.
Answer
  • plants, air
  • plants, insects
  • animals,insects
  • plants,animals

Question 98

Question
Settles into _ when organisms die.
Answer
  • Water
  • Sediment
  • Plants

Question 99

Question
What is the largest reservoir of carbon?
Answer
  • Water
  • Air
  • Plants
  • Soil

Question 100

Question
Putting too much CO2 into the air is a major climate change argument.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 101

Question
Shifted from _ to atmosphere.
Answer
  • hydrosphere
  • lithosphere
  • stratosphere

Question 102

Question
Nitrogen makes up how much of our atmosphere?
Answer
  • 48%
  • 78%
  • 88%
  • 76%

Question 103

Question
Nitrogen is essential.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 104

Question
Nitrogen needs what to help itself cycle.
Answer
  • Bacteria
  • Thunder
  • Lightning
  • Atoms

Question 105

Question
How many steps are in the nitrogen cycle?
Answer
  • 3
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6

Question 106

Question
Nitrogen has to be "fixed" before it can be used.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 107

Question
Through what step of the nitrogen cycle do plants take up nitrates?
Answer
  • Deneitrification
  • Nitrification
  • Nitrogen fixation

Question 108

Question
How have humans impacted the nitrogen cycle?
Answer
  • Reduced plants
  • Reduced bacteria
  • Increased amount of nitrogen in soils and water through fertilizer.
  • Increased amount of nitrogen in soils and water through new plants.

Question 109

Question
Phosphorus is found in the atmosphere.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 110

Question
The majority of phosphorus is found in
Answer
  • rocks
  • plants
  • animals
  • water

Question 111

Question
When rocks are weather, the phosphorus runs into the water and
Answer
  • settles into the sediment
  • settles into plants
  • settles into fish
  • is dissolved

Question 112

Question
Plants do not take up phosphorus.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 113

Question
How have humans impacted the phosphorus cycle?
Answer
  • Mined rocks
  • Put phosphorus in fertilizers
  • Taken phosphorus out of fertilizers
  • Detergents
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