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psy350 exam 2
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Questions in this quiz (35)
1Given the concerns listed, identify which design would be better.
Twyla wants to minimize the potential impact of individual differences.- AWithin Subjects
- BBetween Subjects
2Given the concerns listed, identify which design would be better.
Jeff wants to eliminate the possibility of order effects.- AWithin Subjects
- BBetween Subjects
3Thom is studying individuals with a rare disorder and needs to minimize the number of research participants required.
- AWithin - Subjects
- BBetween Subjects
4Angelo is studying the effects of reward magnitude on children learning spelling words using a within-subjects design. Children get paid either $0.50 or $1 for every word they spell correctly on their weekly spelling tests, and the outcome measure is the number of words spelled correctly, a ratio level measure. what tests would be used with the types of design and data?
- Aa repeated-measures t test or a single-factor ANOVA
- BAn ANOVA only
5Lois is studying the effectiveness of three different stress-reducing apps using a within-subjects design. Her outcome measure is the severity of stress reported by participants, an interval level measure.
what tests would be used with the types of design and data?- Aa repeated-measures t test or a single-factor ANOVA (repeated measures)
- Brepeated-measures ANOVA ONLY
6 A between-subjects nonexperimental or quasi-experimental design is called a
- Anonequivalent group designs
- Bpre-post
7a within-subjects nonexperimental or quasi-experimental design is called a
- Apre post
- Bnon equivalent groups
8There are occasions when a researcher must examine preexisting groups. For example, a researcher may want to compare student performance for a high school that encourages students to use their phones and tablets during class with student performance in a high school that bans the use of electronic devices. In this study, the researcher does not have control over which individuals are assigned to which group; the two groups of participants already exist. Because the researcher cannot use random assignment or matching to minimize the individual differences between groups, there is no assurance that the two groups are equivalent. In this situation, the research study is called a
- Anonequivalent group design
- Bequivalent group design
9Lisa wants to know whether any of the stereotypes about dog and cat owners are true. She recruits a group of individuals who describe themselves as dog people and a group who describe themselves as cat people and gives both groups a personality test. Identify the type of design
- ADifferential
- Bpretest–posttest nonequivalent control group design
- Cposttest-only nonequivalent control group design
10Colleen is interested in preventing adolescents from ever starting to use tobacco. She has the opportunity to work with two health classes at a middle school. One class gets the traditional tobacco-prevention programming, and the other half gets Colleen’s new program. Knowledge about and attitudes toward tobacco are assessed in both groups, both before and after the programming. Identify the type of design
- Apost test only
- BPre-test post-test nonequivelent control group design
- Cdifferential
11Julie is contacted by a community-based organization that needs to evaluate a self-esteem building intervention it has created for use in its after-school program. Unfortunately, the program has already begun, so Julie arranges to measure the children’s self-esteem after the intervention has been completed and compares this data to measures of self-esteem she gets from another after-school program where the children have not gotten the self-esteem building intervention.
what type of design ?- ADifferential
- BPost Test only
- Cpre test post test
12The second general category of nonexperimental and quasi-experimental designs consists of studies in which a series of observations is made over time. Collectively, such studies are known as
- Apre-post designs
- Bpost test designs
- Cexperimental
13Identify the type of design Darleen has developed a new training workshop for aides who work with nursing home patients with dementia. She tests their knowledge at the start of the workshop and again at the end.
- ATime-series
- Bpretest-posttest
- Cinterrupted time series
14Identify the design Emmett works with adults with severe persistent mental illness. He is well aware that, because of their illnesses, their self-esteem can vary substantially from time to time. He has developed an app that he believes will help maintain some stability in their self-esteem. In order to have more stability in his measurements, he measures self-esteem on a biweekly basis, starting a month before he gives the research participants access to the app, and then measures self-esteem biweekly for another six weeks.
- ATime series
- Bpre test post test
- Cinterrupted time series design
15Elaine studies the effects of natural disasters. After a February blizzard shuts down a large part of the state, many newscasters speculate about a baby boom the following November. Elaine decides to look at birthrates in September, October, November, December, and January to find out whether there is, indeed, a boom of blizzard babies.
Identify the design- Apre test post test
- Binterrupted time series
- Ctime series
16Developmental research designs are another type of nonexperimental research that can be used to study changes in behavior that relate to age. The purpose of developmental research designs is to describe the relationship between age and other variables.
What research design uses different groups of individuals, each group representing a different age.- Across-sectional developmental
- Blongitudinal developmental research design
17what research design examines development by observing or measuring a group of cohorts over time.
- Alongitudinal
- Bobservational study
- Cfield study
18Pretest–posttest nonequivalent groups design with an interval or ratio outcome measure
identify the analysis that is appropriate- At-test for independent means
- Brepeated measures t test
- Ctwo factor mixed design ANOVA
19Differential design Identify the analysis that is appropriate
- At test for indepdent means
- Btwo factor anova
- Cconfidence interval
20Pretest–posttest designs use what statistical analysis
- Apearsons correlation
- Brepeated t-measures
- Ccohort
21How can factorial designs correctly address specific research issues? Check all that apply.
- AIf a researcher is concerned about treatment order effects, treatment order can be used as a factor.
- BIf a researcher using a within-subjects design suspects that a particular participant characteristic, like age, may affect the outcome of treatment, that participant characteristic can be used as a factor.
22Rhonda is studying the effects of hunger on academic performance. She uses hunger as a within-subjects factor, starting her subjects out with a very small breakfast and testing them at two-hour intervals throughout the day without any additional meals or snacks. She has a between-subjects factor of task difficulty, with three levels: easy, medium, and hard. What design is this?
- ACombined Strategy design
- BMixed Design
- Chigher-order factorial designs.
23What design is this?
Robb lives in a community that experienced a powerful storm that destroyed a portion of the town. He is interested in how it has affected the ability of the residents to respond effectively to challenging situations. He recruits two groups of participants—those who were not directly affected by the storm and those who were affected, losing their homes and possessions. He has a between-subjects factor of task difficulty with three levels.- ACombined Strategy
- BMixed
- CHigher Order
24Robin is interested in learning and is conducting an experiment with three different between-subjects factors—reward magnitude, reward delay, and task difficulty.
What design is this- Acorrelation
- Bobservational
- CHigher-order factorial
- Ddescriptive
25Frank is studying how reward magnitude and reward delay affect learning in pigeons. He has two levels of reward (low and high) and two levels of delay (immediate and delayed).
Identify the type of effect that is being described in each scenario
Frank finds that learning is faster with high-reward conditions than with low-reward conditions.- AMain Effect
- BInteraction
26Frank is studying how reward magnitude and reward delay affect learning in pigeons. He has two levels of reward (low and high) and two levels of delay (immediate and delayed).
Identify the type of effect that is being described in each scenario
Frank finds that learning is slower with delayed reward than with immediate reward.- AMain Effect
- BInteraction
27Frank is studying how reward magnitude and reward delay affect learning in pigeons. He has two levels of reward (low and high) and two levels of delay (immediate and delayed).
Identify the type of effect that is being described in each scenario
Frank finds that delay of reward has a far greater effect on learning in the low-reward condition than in the high-reward condition.- AMain Effect
- BInteraction
28Which of the following statements regarding factorial design are true?
factorial design described as 2 x 3 has two variables with three levels each.- ATrue
- BFalse
29A 2 x 2 factorial and a 3 x 5 factorial are both two-factor designs.
- ATrue
- BFalse
30 In a factorial design, the independent variables are referred to as factors.
- ATrue
- BFalse
31Which of the following statements about the strengths and weaknesses of single-subject designs are true? Check all that apply.
- ASingle-subject designs are especially suitable for clinical settings.
- BReactivity and sensitization can impact outcomes if participants become aware that they are being observed.
- CProblems can arise in interpretation if the graphs are ambiguous.
- DSingle-subject designs generalize well to other subjects and other settings
- ESingle-subject designs tend to be rather rigid.
32By showing that the pattern of behavior in each treatment phase is clearly different from the pattern in each baseline phase, the researcher demonstrates the presence of [blank_start]arelationship[blank_end] Correct between the treatment and the behavior change. By demonstrating that the changes in behavior from baseline to treatment and from treatment to baseline are the same for each of the phase-change points in the experiment, the researcher demonstrates the presence of [blank_start]acausal relationship[blank_end] Correct between the treatment and the behavior change.
- Arelationship
- Bcausal relationship
33Because two students in a self-contained classroom have similar tantrum triggers, the staff decide to test an intervention with one of the students but not the other.
What design?- AAcross Subjects
- BAcross Behaviors
- CAcross Situations
34Susan has been exhibiting a number of problematic behaviors following the retirement of one of her favorite teachers. Her support team decides to implement an intervention to increase the probability of positive behaviors. They start with a single behavior—raising her hand to speak in class.
- Aacross subjects
- Bacross behaviors
- Cacross siutaitons
35Michael, a 14-year-old who has an autism spectrum disorder, had been mainstreamed for all of his classes, but his behavior seems to be regressing. His support team decides to begin rewarding him for appropriate behaviors in the class where his behavior is worst, but not in the other classes.
- Aacross subjects
- Bacross behaviors
- Cacross situations
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- Psychology Quiz on psy350 exam 2 , created by Samantha Treadway on 10/05/2023.
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- Samantha Treadway
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