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Psychological Influences on Visual Perception

Hannah W 8 questions

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  1. 1A p[blank_start]erceptual[blank_end] s[blank_start]et[blank_end] is a predisposition to perceive stimuli in a specific way - according to our preconceptions.
    1. Aerceptual
    2. Bet
  2. 2The four factors of a perceptual set are:

    1. [blank_start]Past experience[blank_end] - previous exposure to a specific stimuli can affect perception - particularly if the experience holds significant personal meaning.

    2. [blank_start]Context[blank_end]: The environment in which a stimulus is observed can alter our expectations.

    3. [blank_start]Motivation[blank_end]: often we see what we want to see.

    4. [blank_start]Emotion[blank_end]: We could see someone as laughing Orr crying based on our mood
    1. APast experience
    2. BContext
    3. CMotivation
    4. DEmotion
  3. 3What are the four factors of a perceptual set
    1. AMood
    2. BPast experiences
    3. CContext
    4. DMotivation
    5. EEnergy
    6. FEmotion
    7. GPersonality
  4. 4What are the visual perception principles?
    1. Aperceptual constancies
    2. BProximity
    3. CGestalt Principles
    4. DDepth perception
    5. EFigure-ground principles
  5. 5Visual perception principles:

    1. [blank_start]Perception constancies[blank_end]:
    - Enables us to maintain a stable perception of a stimulus although the image on the retina may change shape or size.
    - Contains size constancy and shape constancy

    2. [blank_start]Gestalt principles[blank_end]
    - Based on the idea that 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts'
    - This means our brains attempt to perceive visual stimuli as a meaningful whole.
    - Contains figure-ground organisation, closure, proximity, and similarity.

    3. [blank_start]Depth perception[blank_end]
    - The ability to accurately judge 3d space and distance.
    - Our retina only sees 2d and relies on these cues to see 3d
    - Contains binocular (retinal disparity and convergence), and monocular (accomodation and pictorial) depth cues.
    1. APerception constancies
    2. BGestalt principles
    3. CDepth perception
  6. 6Perceptual Constancies:

    - [blank_start]Size constancy[blank_end] - refers to our ability to maintain a constant perception of an objects size. Although an object may appear to get larger, our brain perceives that the object has not moved in size, but just moved closer.

    - [blank_start]Shape constancy[blank_end] - refers to the fact that an object is perceived to maintain its same shape, despite the changing perspective from which it is observed.
    1. ASize constancy
    2. BShape constancy
  7. 7Gestalt Principles:

    - [blank_start]Closure[blank_end]: occurs when we perceive an object as being whole, despite being incomplete in reality.

    - [blank_start]Similarity[blank_end] - Occurs when the individual parts of a stimulus are similar (eg. shape, size, colour).

    - [blank_start]Proximity[blank_end] - is when the individual parts of a stimulus pattern are close to each other. We tend to group the together as a meaningful whole.
    1. AClosure
    2. BSimilarity
    3. CProximity
  8. 8Depth Perception:

    [blank_start]Binocular Depth Cues[blank_end]:
    - [blank_start]Retinal Disparity[blank_end] - occurs because our eyes are set 6-7cm apart. when an object is within 20m each eye perceives the images slightly differently which the brain then fuses together. The more different the images, the closer the object will be.

    - [blank_start]Convergence[blank_end] - as our eyes move inwards to see an object, the brain measures the rotation to determine the closeness.

    [blank_start]Monocular Depth cues[blank_end]:
    - [blank_start]Accomodation[blank_end] - involves the eyes lens changing shape so it can focus light rays onto the retina. Ciliary muscles controls whether the lens bulges (for closer) or flattens (for further away).

    - [blank_start]Pictorial Depth cues[blank_end] - are used by artists to create a 3d perception of something on a 2d surface. 5 types:
    1. [blank_start]Linear perspective[blank_end] - eg. lines moving together as they extend towards the horizon.
    2. [blank_start]Interposition[blank_end] - (overlap) is based on partial blocking or obscuring of one object by another. The obscured object is perceived to be further.
    3. [blank_start]Texture gradient[blank_end] - is used to makes surfaces in a picture appear to recede into the distance. As the surface gets further away the detail decreases.
    4. [blank_start]Relative Size[blank_end] - is based on our ability to perceive the object producing the largest retinal image as being the closest. Smaller = further.
    5. [blank_start]Height in the visual field[blank_end] - shows depth by portraying objects farther away as being closer to the horizon
    1. ABinocular Depth Cues
    2. BRetinal Disparity
    3. CConvergence
    4. DMonocular Depth cues
    5. EPictorial Depth cues
    6. FAccomodation
    7. GLinear perspective
    8. HInterposition
    9. ITexture gradient
    10. JRelative Size
    11. KHeight in the visual field

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Hannah W
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English
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