Quiz

Neuroanatomy

Tamara Podnosova 191 questions

Take the quiz

This quiz has question types that open in the usual player.

Questions in this quiz (191)

1Afferent conducts sensory impulses [blank_start]to[blank_end] the CNS. Sensory neurons will have their cell bodies located in the [blank_start]dorsal root ganglia[blank_end].
1. Ato
2. Bdorsal root ganglia
2Somatic sensory impulses come from
1. Askin
2. Bbones
3. Cmuscles
4. Djoints
5. Eears
6. Feyes
7. Gvisceral organs
8. Hblood vessels
9. Itongue
10. Jsmell in the nasal epithelium
3Efferent conduct [blank_start]motor[blank_end] commands [blank_start]from[blank_end] the CNS to muscles and glands
1. Amotor
2. Bfrom
4Somatic motor neurons have their cell bodies in the [blank_start]spinal column[blank_end]
1. Aspinal column
5Name structure
1. ASoma
6Name structure
1. Anucleus
7[blank_start]Nissl bodies[blank_end] are chromatophilic substances that are aggregates of fixed and free [blank_start]ribosomes[blank_end]. They account for the gray matter seen in gross disection.
1. ANissl bodies
2. Bribosomes
8Name structure
1. Adendrites
9Dendrites extend [blank_start]from[blank_end] the cell body to receive stimuli and conduct impulses [blank_start]towards[blank_end] the cell body
1. Afrom
2. Btowards
10Name structure
1. Aaxon

11Axons, or [blank_start]nerve fibers[blank_end], conduct impulses [blank_start]away[blank_end] from the cell body
1. Anerve fibers
2. Baway
12[blank_start]Axoplasm[blank_end] is the cytoplasm of the axon. It contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes.
1. AAxoplasm
13[blank_start]Axolemma[blank_end] covers the axon
1. AAxolemma
14Name structure - it connects the axon to the soma
1. Aaxon hillock
15Name structure
1. Asynaptic bulb
16Name structure
1. Amyelin sheath
17[blank_start]Myelin sheath[blank_end] is responsible for the white matter of the brain. It is produced by oligodendrocytes or [blank_start]Schwann cells[blank_end].
1. AMyelin sheath
2. BSchwann cells
18[blank_start]Nodes of Ranvier[blank_end] are small junctions between the myelin sheath produced by adjacent [blank_start]oligodendrocytes[blank_end]
1. ANodes of Ranvier
2. Boligodendrocytes
19Name structure.
1. Abipolar neuron
20Name structure
1. Aunipolar neuron
21Name structure
1. Abipolar neuron
22Afferent neurons transmit impulses from [blank_start]sensory[blank_end] receptors [blank_start]towards[blank_end] the CNS
1. Asensory
2. Btowards
23Efferent neurons transmit [blank_start]motor[blank_end] impulses [blank_start]from[blank_end] the CNS
1. Amotor
2. Bfrom
24[blank_start]Oligodendrocytes[blank_end] are cells of the CNS that form myelin around neurons
1. AOligodendrocytes
25[blank_start]Astrocytes[blank_end] are cells of the CNS that regulate the passage of molecules from the blood to the brain. They contribute to the [blank_start]blood brain barrier[blank_end].
1. AAstrocytes
2. Bblood brain barrier
26Patient's with Parkinson's disease receive [blank_start]L-dopa[blank_end] instead of dopamine because dopamine is unable to cross the [blank_start]blood brain barrier[blank_end]
1. AL-dopa
2. Bblood brain barrier
27[blank_start]Microglia[blank_end] are cells of the CNS that derive for the mesoderm and remove foreign and degenerated material. They are related to [blank_start]macrophages[blank_end].
1. AMicroglia
2. Bmacrophages
28[blank_start]Ependymal cells[blank_end] are cells of the CNS that line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal. They secrete CSF.
1. AEpendymal cells
29[blank_start]Satellite cells[blank_end] are cells of the PNS that regulate the exchange of nutrients and waste products. They are analogous to astrocytes in the CNS.
1. ASatellite cells
30[blank_start]Schwann cells[blank_end] are cells of the PNS that cover every axon, whether it is myelinated or not. They are analogous to oligodendrocytes in the CNS.
1. ASchwann cells
31[blank_start]Endoneurium[blank_end] is a connective tissue sheath that enclosed an individual nerve fiber
1. AEndoneurium
2. BPerineurium
3. CEpineurium
32A group of nerve fibers is called a [blank_start]fasciculus[blank_end]
1. Afasciculus
33[blank_start]Perineurium[blank_end] is a connective tissue sheath that surrounds a fasciculus
1. AEndoneurium
2. BPerineurium
3. CEpineurium
34[blank_start]Epineurium[blank_end] is a connective tissue sheath that surround the entire nerve and contains small blood vessels and adipose cells
1. AEndoneurium
2. BPerineurium
3. CEpineurium
35Name structure
1. Atentorium cerebelli
36Name structure
1. Afalx cerebri
37Name structure
1. Adiaphragma sellae
38Name structure
1. Afalx cerebelli
39The meninges from outermost (superficial) to innermost (deep) layer are: [blank_start]dura mater[blank_end], [blank_start]arachnoid mater[blank_end], [blank_start]pia mater[blank_end].
1. Adura mater
2. Barachnoid mater
3. Cpia mater
40What type of connective tissue makes up the dura mater?
1. ALoose CT
2. BCartilage
3. CDense CT
41What kind of connective tissue makes up pia mater?
1. ALoose CT
2. BCartilage
3. CDense CT
42Together the pia mater and the arachnoid mater form the [blank_start]choroid plexus[blank_end]
1. Achoroid plexus
43An area around the dura mater where anesthesia can be given
1. AEpidural space
2. BSubdural space
3. CSubarachnoid space
44An area between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
1. AEpidural space
2. BSubdural space
3. CSubarachnoid space
45An area between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater containing CSF
1. AEpidural space
2. BSubdural space
3. CSubarachnoid space
46CSF is made by [blank_start]ependymal cells[blank_end] in the [blank_start]choroid plexus[blank_end], then it flows through the [blank_start]ventricular system[blank_end], into the median and [blank_start]lateral apertures[blank_end], and into the [blank_start]arachnoid mater[blank_end].
1. Aependymal cells
2. Bchoroid plexus
3. Cventricular system
4. Dlateral apertures
5. Earachnoid mater
47Name structure
1. Alateral ventricle
48Name structure
1. Ainterventricular foramen
49Name structure
1. Athird ventricle
50Name structure
1. Afourth ventricle
51Name structure
1. Acerebral aqueduct
52Name structure
1. Achoroid plexus
53[blank_start]White matter[blank_end] is the bundles of myelinated axons within the CNS
1. AWhite matter
54[blank_start]Gray matter[blank_end] is the region of nonmyelinated nerve tissue in the CNS
1. AGray matter
55A bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS
1. ATract
2. BNerve
56A bundle of nerve fibers in the PNS
1. ATract
2. BNerve
57A [blank_start]nucleus[blank_end] is an aggregation of nerve cell bodies inside the CNS
1. Anucleus
58A [blank_start]ganglion[blank_end] is an aggregation of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS
1. Aganglion
59Answer correctly
1. ATelencephalon
2. BCerebrum
3. CLateral ventricles
4. DDiencephalon
5. EThird ventricle
6. FMesencephalon
7. GCerebral aqueduct
8. HMetencephalon
9. IBrain stem, pons, cerebellum
10. JFourth ventricle
11. KMyelencephalon
12. LBrain stem - medulla oblongata
13. MCentral canal
60Label correctly
1. Aparietal lobe
2. Boccipital lobe
3. Ctemporal lobe
4. Dfrontal lobe
5. Ecentral sulcus
61Label correctly
1. Aanterior lobe
2. Bposterior lobe
3. Cvermis
4. Dprimary commissure
62Label correctly
1. Ainternal carotid artery
2. Bmiddle cerebral artery
3. Canterior communicating artery
4. Danterior cerebral artery
5. Eposterior communicating artery
6. Fposterior cerebral artery
7. Gbasilar artery
8. Hvertebral artery
63The internal carotid arteries divide into the [blank_start]ophthalmic[blank_end] artery, anterior [blank_start]cerebral artery[blank_end], and the middle [blank_start]cerebral artery[blank_end]
1. Aophthalmic
2. Bcerebral artery
3. Ccerebral artery
64[blank_start]Reticular formation[blank_end] is a poorly defined, interconnected network of brain stem nuclei headquartered in the mesencephalon
1. AReticular formation
65[blank_start]Reticulospinal tracts[blank_end] adjust muscle tension to maintain balance and posture
1. AReticulospinal tracts
66The reticular formation functions as a:
1. Asomatic motor control
2. Bcardiovascular control
3. Cpain modulator
4. Dstimulator of the Reticular Activating System
5. EHabituator
67[blank_start]Habituation[blank_end] is ignoring inconsequential stimuli while remaining sensitive to others
1. AHabituation
68Primary neurons from the [blank_start]lower extremities[blank_end] synapse with secondary neurons on their way to the thalamus in the nucleus gracilis
1. Alower extremities
69Primary neurons from the upper extremities synapse with secondary neurons on their way to the thalamus in the [blank_start]nucleus cuneatus[blank_end]
1. Anucleus cuneatus
70The [blank_start]mesencephalon[blank_end] contains nuclei that process visual and auditory information and generate reflexive responses to these stimuli
1. Amesencephalon
2. Bpons
3. Cmedulla oblongata
71The [blank_start]red nucleus[blank_end] connects the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum; functions in reflexes concerned with motor coordination and maintenance of posture; involuntary motor command.
1. Ared nucleus
72The [blank_start]substantia nigra[blank_end] inhibits forced involuntary movement; it produces dopamine which inhibits excitatory motor neurons
1. Asubstantia nigra
73The functions of the cerebellum are:
1. AMaking rapid, automatic adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium
2. BProgramming and fine tuning voluntary and involuntary muscles by regulation of pyramidal and extrapyramidal pathways
74[blank_start]Association fibers[blank_end] are confined to each cerebral hemisphere and conduct impulses within the hemisphere
1. AAssociation fibers
75[blank_start]Arcuate fibers[blank_end] loop in an arc from one gyrus to another
1. AArcuate fibers
76[blank_start]Longitudinal fasciculi[blank_end], a type of association fiber, connects the frontal lobe to other lobes of the same cerebral hemisphere
1. ALongitudinal fasciculi
77[blank_start]Commissural fibers[blank_end] connect neurons and gyri between areas of similar structure and function between the two hemispheres
1. ACommissural fibers
78[blank_start]Projection fibers[blank_end] form ascending and descending tracts from the cerebrum to other parts of the brain
1. AProjection fibers
79The [blank_start]basal nuclei[blank_end] controls unconscious movements of skeletal muscle, coordinates learned movement, and controls muscle tone.
1. Abasal nuclei
80The [blank_start]caudate nucleus[blank_end], a type of basal nuclei, does not initiate movement but determines pattern and rhythm of movement
1. Acaudate nucleus
81The [blank_start]lentiform nucleus[blank_end], another type of basal nuclei, controls and adjusts muscle tone in the appendicular muscles via the [blank_start]globus pallidus[blank_end]
1. Alentiform nucleus
2. Bglobus pallidus
82The [blank_start]limbic system[blank_end] establishes emotional states and related behavioral drives, links conscious function of the cerebral cortex with the unconscious and autonomic functions of other brain parts, facilitates memory storage & retrieval, important in central processing of olfactory information.
1. Alimbic system
83The [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] playing a role in learning and long-term storage
1. Ahippocampus
84The [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] plays a role in recognition of emotion
1. Aamygdala
85Label correctly
1. Acentral sulcus
2. Bprimary sensory cortex
3. Csomatosensory association cortex
4. DPrimary visual cortex
5. EVisual association area
6. FPrimary auditory cortex
7. GAuditory association area
8. HBroca's speech area
9. Iprefrontal cortex
10. Jpremotor cortex
11. Kprimary motor cortex
86What area of the cerebral hemisphere allows us to control precise/skilled voluntary movements?
1. Aprimary motor cortex
2. Bpremotor cortex
3. Cprefrontal cortex
4. Dpostcentral gyrus
87What area of the cerebral hemisphere allows us to coordinate learned motor activities, and is a memory bank for skilled motor activities?
1. Aprimary motor cortex
2. Bpremotor cortex
3. Cpostcentral gyrus
88What area of the cerebral hemisphere receives somatic information from touch, pressure, pain, taste, and temperature receptors?
1. Aprimary sensory cortex
2. Bsomatosensory association cortex
3. Cprecentral gyrus
89What area of the cerebral hemisphere assembles an understanding of texture, temperature, and pressure?
1. Aprimary sensory cortex
2. Bsomatosensory association cortex
3. Cprecentral gyrus
90What area of the cerebral hemisphere allows us to differentiate pitch, rhythm, and loudness?
1. Aprimary auditory cortex
2. Bauditory association area
3. Cprecentral gyrus
4. Dpostcentral gyrus
91What area of the cerebral hemisphere allows us to associate a sound stimulus - scream, music, thunder, etc.? Memories of sound are also stored here.
1. APrimary auditory cortex
2. BAuditory association area
3. CPrecentral gyrus
4. DPostcentral gyrus
92What area of the cerebral hemisphere receives information from the retinas?
1. APrimary visual cortex
2. BVisual association area
3. CPrefrontal cortex
4. DPrecentral gyrus
93What area of the cerebral hemisphere allows us to interpret color, form, and movement?
1. APrimary visual cortex
2. BVisual association area
3. CPrefrontal cortex
4. DPrecentral gyrus
94The [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end] is a relay center for sensory and motor pathways. Ascending sensory information from the spinal cord and CN is processed here before it is relayed to the cerebrum
1. Athalamus
2. Bhypothalamus
3. Cepithalamus
95[blank_start]medial geniculate nuclei[blank_end] relay auditory information to the primary auditory cortex
1. Amedial geniculate nuclei
2. Blateral geniculate nuclei
3. Cventral nuclei
4. Dmedial nuclei
5. Eposterior nuclei
6. Flateral nuclei
96[blank_start]Lateral geniculate nuclei[blank_end] serve as relay stations for the parietal lobe, have an impact on emotional states, and integrate sensory information
1. Alateral geniculate nuclei
2. Bmedial geniculate nuclei
3. Cventral nuclei
4. Dmedial nuclei
5. Eposterior nuclei
6. Flateral nuclei
97[blank_start]ventral nuclei[blank_end] relay information between the cerebral cortex and the basal nuclei
1. Aventral nuclei
2. Blateral geniculate nuclei
3. Cmedial geniculate nuclei
4. Dlateral nuclei
5. Emedial nuclei
6. Fanterior nuclei
7. Gposterior nuclei
98[blank_start]anterior nuclei[blank_end] are part of the limbic system
1. Aanterior nuclei
2. Bmedial geniculate nuclei
3. Clateral geniculate nuclei
4. Dventral nuclei
5. Emedial nuclei
6. Fposterior nuclei
7. Glateral nuclei
99[blank_start]medial nuclei[blank_end] provide conscious awareness of emotional states, and relay information between the basal nuclei, hypothalamus, and frontal lobes
1. Amedial nuclei
100[blank_start]posterior nuclei[blank_end] integrate sensory information for projection to the appropriate association area of the cortex
1. Aposterior nuclei
2. Blateral nuclei
3. Cmedial geniculate nuclei
4. Dlateral geniculate nuclei
5. Eventral nuclei
6. Fanterior nuclei
7. Gmedial nuclei
101[blank_start]lateral nuclei[blank_end] integrate sensory information
1. Alateral nuclei
2. Bmedial geniculate nuclei
3. Clateral geniculate nuclei
4. Dventral nuclei
5. Eanterior nuclei
6. Fmedial nuclei
7. Gposterior nuclei
102The [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] regulates visceral activities, controls hormones and emotions, and instinctual functions
1. Ahypothalamus
2. Bthalamus
3. Cepithalamus
103The hypothalamus:
1. Acontrols involuntary somatic movements associated with rage, pleasure, pain, and sexual arousal
2. Bcontrols autonomic function
3. Ccoordinates nervous and endocrine activities
4. Dproduces emotional and behavioral drives
5. Ecoordinates between voluntary and autonomic functions
6. Fregulates body temp
7. Gregulates water and electrolyte balance
8. Hcontrols circadian rhythm
104[blank_start]paraventricular nuclei[blank_end] in the hypothalamus secrete oxytocin to stimulate smooth muscle contraction in the uterus and mammary glands
1. Aparaventricular nuclei
2. Bsuprachiasmatic nuclei
3. Cpreoptic nuclei
4. Dtuberal area
5. Esupraoptic nuclei
6. Fmamillary bodies
7. Gautonomic center
105[blank_start]suprachiasmatic nuclei[blank_end] in the hypothalamus coordinate circadian rhythm
1. Asuprachiasmatic nuclei
2. Bparaventricular nuclei
3. Cpreoptic nuclei
4. Dtuberal area
5. Esupraoptic nuclei
6. Fmamillary bodies
7. Gautonomic center
106[blank_start]preoptic nuclei[blank_end] in the hypothalamus regulate body temperature
1. Apreoptic nuclei
2. Btuberal area
3. Csupraoptic nuclei
4. Dmamillary bodies
5. Eautonomic center
6. Fparaventricular nuclei
7. Gsuprachiasmatic nuclei
107[blank_start]tuberal area[blank_end] in the hypothalamus releases hormones that control endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary gland
1. Atuberal area
2. Bsupraoptic nuclei
3. Cmamillary bodies
4. Dautonomic center
5. Eparaventricular nuclei
6. Fsuprachiasmatic nuclei
7. Gpreoptic nuclei
108[blank_start]supraoptic nuclei[blank_end] in the hypothalamus regulate water loss by secreting ADH
1. Asupraoptic nuclei
2. Bmamillary bodies
3. Cautonomic center
4. Dparaventricular nuclei
5. Esuprachiasmatic nuclei
6. Fpreoptic nuclei
7. Gtuberal area
109[blank_start]Mamillary bodies[blank_end] control feeding reflexes
1. AMamillary bodies
110[blank_start]Autonomic centers[blank_end] control medullary nuclei that regulate HR and BP
1. AAutonomic centers
2. Bparaventricular nuclei
3. Csuprachiasmatic nuclei
4. Dpreoptic nuclei
5. Etuberal area
6. Fmamillary body
7. Gsupraoptic nuclei
111The [blank_start]epithalamus[blank_end] contains the pineal gland which secretes melatonin that regulates the circadian rhythm
1. Aepithalamus
2. Bthalamus
3. Chypothalamus
112[blank_start]cervical enlargement[blank_end] occurs between C3 and T2 and serves the upper extremities
1. Acervical enlargement
113[blank_start]lumbar enlargement[blank_end] lies between T10 and T12 and serves the lower extremities
1. Alumbar enlargement
114Label correctly
1. Aconus medullaris
2. Bcauda equina
3. Cfilum terminale
115[blank_start]dorsal gray horns[blank_end] or [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] horns contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei
1. Adorsal gray horns
2. Bposterior
116[blank_start]ventral gray horns[blank_end] or [blank_start]anterior[blank_end] horns contain neurons concerned with somatic motor control
1. Aventral gray horns
2. Banterior
117[blank_start]lateral gray horns[blank_end] or [blank_start]intermediate[blank_end] horns contain visceral motor neurons; found in the thoracic and superior lumbar segments
1. Alateral gray horns
2. Bintermediate
118The [blank_start]gray commissure[blank_end] contains axons that cross from one side to the other before reaching a destination in the gray matter
1. Agray commissure
119Label correctly
1. Adorsal root ganglion
2. Bdorsal root
3. Cdorsal gray horn
4. Dposterior median sulcus
5. Edorsal white column
6. Flateral gray horn
7. Ganterior median fissure
8. Hanterior white column
9. Ianterior gray horn
10. Jcentral canal
11. Kventral root
12. Llateral white column
13. Mgray commissure
120[blank_start]dorsal root ganglia[blank_end] contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons. The dorsal roots contain the axons from the associated [blank_start]dorsal root ganglia[blank_end].
1. Adorsal root ganglia
2. Bdorsal root ganglia
121In the [blank_start]upper motor neuron[blank_end], the cell body lies in the precentral gyrus
1. Aupper motor neuron
122In the [blank_start]lower motor neuron[blank_end], the cell body is located in a motor nucleus of the brain stem or spinal cord. The lower motor neuron can be [blank_start]excited[blank_end] or [blank_start]inhibited[blank_end] by the upper motor neuron.
1. Alower motor neuron
2. Bexcited
3. Cinhibited
123Damage to the [blank_start]upper motor neuron[blank_end] results muscle rigidity, flaccidity or uncontrolled contractions (i.e. cerebral palsy). Damage to the [blank_start]lower motor neuron[blank_end] results in flaccid paralysis.
1. Aupper motor neuron
2. Blower motor neuron
3. Cupper motor neuron
4. Dlower motor neuron
124The [blank_start]corticospinal[blank_end] descending pathway descends directly from the cerebral cortex to the lower motor neurons. It is a [blank_start]conscious[blank_end] motor control pathway
1. Acorticospinal
2. Bconscious
125[blank_start]Corticospinal[blank_end] fibers cross in the pyramids of the medulla oblongata to form the [blank_start]lateral corticospinal tract[blank_end] which provides conscious control over appendicular muscles
1. ACorticospinal
2. Blateral corticospinal tract
126Some corticospinal fibers cross at the spinal segment they innervate to form the [blank_start]anterior corticospinal tract[blank_end] that provides conscious control over axial muscles
1. Aanterior corticospinal tract
127The extrapyramidal descending spinal pathway provides [blank_start]unconscious[blank_end] motor control
1. Aunconscious
128In the [blank_start]rubrospinal[blank_end] pathway, the tracts cross at the mesencephalon and maintain [blank_start]subconscious[blank_end] motor control and motor tone.
1. Arubrospinal
2. Bcorticospinal
3. Cextrapyramidal
4. Dmedullary reticulospinal
5. Esubconscious
6. Fconscious
7. Gunconscious
129The [blank_start]medullary reticulospinal[blank_end] descending fibers [blank_start]do not cross[blank_end] and they originate in the reticular formation. This pathway regulates subconscious reflex activity.
1. Amedullary reticulospinal
2. Bdo not cross
130The [blank_start]first order[blank_end] neurons deliver sensory information to the CNS. The cell body of [blank_start]first order[blank_end] neurons is located in the dorsal root ganglia. The [blank_start]second order[blank_end] neurons synapses with the first order neuron. The [blank_start]third order[blank_end] neuron synapses with the [blank_start]second order[blank_end] neuron in the thalamus, where the [blank_start]third order[blank_end] neuron is carried to the appropriate area in the cerebrum.
1. Afirst order
2. Bsecond order
3. Cthird order
4. Dfirst order
5. Esecond order
6. Fthird order
7. Gfirst order
8. Hsecond order
9. Ithird order
10. Jfirst order
11. Ksecond order
12. Lthird order
13. Mfirst order
14. Nsecond order
15. Othird order
16. Pfirst order
17. Qsecond order
18. Rthird order
131The anterolateral (spinothalamic) ascending pathway begins as axons of [blank_start]first order[blank_end] neurons carrying sensations of [blank_start]touch[blank_end], pressure, [blank_start]pain[blank_end], and temperature enter the spinal cord and synapse in the [blank_start]posterior gray horns[blank_end]. Then the [blank_start]second order[blank_end] neurons cross to the contralateral side where they ascend.
1. Afirst order
2. Bposterior gray horns
3. Csecond order
4. Dtouch
5. Epain
132The posterior column (medial lemniscus) pathway begins as axons of [blank_start]first order[blank_end] neurons carry highly localized information such as fine touch, proprioception, vibration, and pressure from the [blank_start]inferior[blank_end] half of the body, enter the spinal cord and pass through the [blank_start]fasciculus gracilis[blank_end]. The axons then synapse with second order neurons at nucleus gracilis, the second order neurons cross, and synapse with third order neurons in the [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end].
1. Afirst order
2. Binferior
3. Cfasciculus gracilis
4. Dthalamus
133The posterior column (medial lemniscus) pathway begins as axons of first order neurons carry highly localized information such as fine touch, proprioception, vibration, and pressure from the superior half of the body, enter the spinal cord and pass through the [blank_start]fasciculus cuneatus[blank_end]. The axons then synapse with second order neurons at [blank_start]nucleus cuneatus[blank_end], the second order neurons cross, and synapse with third order neurons in the thalamus.
1. Afasciculus cuneatus
2. Bnucleus cuneatus
134[blank_start]Cerebellar[blank_end] pathways carry [blank_start]proprioceptive[blank_end] information about the position of muscles, tendons, and joints to the cerebellum which is responsible for fine movement coordination
1. ACerebellar
2. Bproprioceptive
135The [blank_start]anterior spinocerebellar[blank_end] pathway begins as first order neurons synapse on second order neurons in the posterior in the [blank_start]dorsal gray horn[blank_end]. Some, but not all, second order neurons cross as they ascend to the superior cerebellar peduncle and the [blank_start]cerebellar cortex[blank_end].
1. Aanterior spinocerebellar
2. Bdorsal gray horn
3. Ccerebellar cortex
136The [blank_start]posterior spinocerebellar[blank_end] pathway begins as first order neurons synapse on second order neurons in the posterior in the dorsal gray horn. Second order neurons [blank_start]do not cross[blank_end] as they ascend to the [blank_start]superior cerebellar peduncle[blank_end] and the cerebellar cortex.
1. Aposterior spinocerebellar
2. Bdo not cross
3. Csuperior cerebellar peduncle
137The [blank_start]sensory neuron[blank_end] relays impulse through the dorsal root to the CNS. The dendrite of this neuron is located in the skin or muscle.
The [blank_start]interneuron[blank_end] lies within the CNS and sends impulses to other parts of the CNS.
The [blank_start]motor neuron[blank_end] synapses with the interneuron and carries the impulse to an effector organ.
1. Asensory neuron
2. Binterneuron
3. Cinterneuron
4. Dmotor neuron
5. Esensory neuron
6. Finterneuron
7. Gmotor neuron
8. Hsensory neuron
9. Imotor neuron
138[blank_start]Acetylcholine[blank_end] is the neurotransmitter is the chemical released at the end of the motor neuron to stimulate skeletal muscle
1. AAcetylcholine
139A [blank_start]stretch reflex[blank_end], or deep tendon reflex, is a monosynaptic reflex that involves only two neurons with no interneuron.
A [blank_start]flexor reflex[blank_end], or withdrawal reflex, is a polysynaptic arc that involves interneurons.
A [blank_start]crossed extensor reflex[blank_end], helps to maintain balance.
1. Astretch reflex
2. Bflexor reflex
3. Ccrossed extensor reflex
4. Dflexor reflex
5. Ecrossed extensor reflex
6. Fstretch reflex
7. Gcrossed extensor reflex
8. Hstretch reflex
9. Iflexor reflex
140Origin - receptors of olfactory epithelium
Destination - olfactory bulbs where synapses are made & to primary olfactory area in the temporal lobe
Function - smell
1. Aolfactory nerve
2. Boptic nerve
3. Ctrigeminal nerve
4. Dvagus nerve
141Origin - retina
Destination - lateral geniculate body of the thalamus via the optic chiasm. Fibers from the medial half of each retina cross at the optic chiasm and join the lateral fibers of the other side. From the lateral geniculate body, the optic projection fibers continue to the visual cortex
Function - vision
1. Aoptic nerve
2. Boculomotor nerve
3. Ctrigeminal nerve
4. Dolfactory nerve
142Origin - mesencephalon
Destination - innervation to extrinsic eye muscles for somatic motor; innervation to iris and ciliary body for autonomic
Function - eye movements
1. Aoptic nerve
2. Boculomotor nerve
3. Ctrigeminal nerve
4. Dabducens nerve
143Origin: ophthalmic branch is from sensory impulses of the eye, orbit, nose skin, forehead; maxillary branch is from sensory impulses of the lower eyelid, upper lip, cheek, nasal mucosa, upper gums, and palate; mandibular branch is from sensory impulses of the temporal region, tongue, lower teeth + gums, skin of chin
Destination: sensory of all branches - to sensory nuclei of pons; motor to muscles of mastication
Function: sensory + motor
1. Atrigeminal nerve
2. Bfacial nerve
3. Cvagus nerve
4. Doculomotor nerve
144Origin - pons
Destination - lateral rectus muscle
Function - abduct the eye
1. Aoptic nerve
2. Boculomotor nerve
3. Cabducens nerve
4. Dtrigeminal nerve
145Origin - sensory taste receptors on anterior 2/3 tongue; somatic + visceral motor nuclei of pons
Destination - sensory nuclei of pons; somatic motor muscles of facial expression, visceral motor to innervate lacrimal gland, nasal mucous glands, submandibular and sublingual glands
Function - sensory taste from anterior tongue; motor to muscles of facial expression, autonomic motor function to tear, nasal, and salivary glands
1. Ahypoglossal nerve
2. Bvagus nerve
3. Cfacial nerve
4. Daccessory nerve
146Origin - receptors in cochlea and vestibule give rise to cochlear and vestibular nerves
Destination - axons pass on to the vestibular + cochlear nuclei of the pons and medulla
Function - sensory hearing + balance
1. Avestibulocochlear nerve
2. Bvagus nerve
3. Caccessory nerve
4. Dhypoglossal nerve
147Origin - sensory from posterior 1/3 tongue, pharynx, palate, carotid sinus; somatic motor and visceral motor from medulla
Destination - sensory nerves travel to medulla; somatic motor to pharyngeal muscles, visceral motor to parotid salivary gland
Function - sensory from tongue, palate, carotid arteries; somatic motor innervation for swallowing, visceral motor innervation to the parotid gland
1. Ahypoglossal nerve
2. Bglossopharyngeal nerve
3. Cfacial nerve
4. Dvagus nerve
148Origin - sensory from pharynx, pinna, external auditory canal, diaphragm, visceral organs; somatic motor from pharynx + larynx; visceral motor from medulla
Destination - sensory to medulla; somatic motor muscles of pharynx and larynx; visceral motor to visceral organ muscles
Function - sensory + motor
1. Avestibulocochlear nerve
2. Bhypoglossal nerve
3. Cglossopharyngeal nerve
4. Dvagus nerve
149Origin - bulbar root arises within medulla; spinal root arises from the first 5 segments of the spinal cord
Destination - bulbar root innervates the skeletal muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx; spinal root innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Function - motor to pharynx, larynx, neck muscles
1. Avagus nerve
2. Bhypoglossal nerve
3. Caccessory nerve
4. Dglossopharyngeal nerve
150Origin - medulla
Destination - innervates extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Function - motor tongue movements
1. Ahypoglossal nerve
2. Bglossopharyngeal nerve
3. Cvagus nerve
4. Dfacial nerve
151The [blank_start]dorsal ramus[blank_end] provides sensory information from and motor innervation to a specific region
1. Adorsal ramus
2. Bventral ramus
3. Cmeningeal ramus
152The [blank_start]ventral ramus[blank_end] supplies the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs
1. Aventral ramus
2. Bdorsal ramus
3. Cmeningeal ramus
153The [blank_start]meningeal ramus[blank_end] comes off distal to the merge of the dorsal and ventral rami and immediately reenters the spinal column to innervate the meninges, vertebrae, and vertebral ligaments
1. Ameningeal ramus
2. Bdorsal ramus
3. Cventral ramus
154[blank_start]Rami communicantes[blank_end] are two branches from each spinal nerve that connect to a sympathetic trunk ganglion
1. ARami communicantes
155The white ramus has [blank_start]myelinated[blank_end], [blank_start]preganglionic[blank_end] sympathetic nerve fibers
1. Amyelinated
2. Bpreganglionic
156The gray ramus has [blank_start]unmyelinated[blank_end], [blank_start]postganglionic[blank_end] sympathetic nerve fibers
1. Aunmyelinated
2. Bpostganglionic
157A plexus that innervates the muscles of the neck, and extends into the thoracic cavity to control the diaphragmatic muscles
1. Acervical plexus
2. Bbrachial plexus
3. Clumbar plexus
4. Dsacral plexus
158A plexus that innervates the entire upper extremity of one as, as well as some shoulder and neck muscles
1. ACervical plexus
2. BBrachial plexus
3. CLumbar plexus
4. DSacral plexus
159A plexus that innervates the lower abdomen, and anterior + medial portions of the lower extremity
1. ACervical plexus
2. BBrachial plexus
3. CLumbar plexus
4. DSacral plexus
160A plexus that innervates the lower back, pelvis, perineum, posterior surface of the thigh and leg, dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot
1. ACervical plexus
2. BBrachial plexus
3. CLumbar plexus
4. DSacral plexus
161The [blank_start]phrenic nerve[blank_end] is the major nerve of the cervical plexus that innervates the diaphragm
1. Aphrenic nerve
162Label correctly
1. Amusculocutaneous nerve
2. Baxillary nerve
3. Cmedian nerve
4. Dradial nerve
5. Eulnar nerve
163The musculocutaneous nerve innervates biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis
1. ATrue
2. BFalse
164Preganglionic neurons are located in the [blank_start]lateral gray horns[blank_end] between T1-L2 for the [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] division, and in the [blank_start]brain stem or at the sacral level[blank_end] for the [blank_start]parasympathetic[blank_end] division.
1. Alateral gray horns
2. Bbrain stem or at the sacral level
3. Csympathetic
4. Dparasympathetic
5. Ebrain stem or at the sacral level
6. Flateral gray horns
7. Gparasympathetic
8. Hsympathetic
165The [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] subdivision of the ANS stimulates metabolism, increases alertness, and prepares the body to deal with emergencies. It is responsible for our [blank_start]fight or flight[blank_end] response.
The [blank_start]parasympathetic[blank_end] subdivision of the ANS conserves energy, and promotes sedentary activities. It is responsible for our [blank_start]rest and repose[blank_end] response.
1. Asympathetic
2. Bfight or flight
3. Cparasympathetic
4. Drest and repose
166The sympathetic subdivision of the ANS has a thoracolumbar division where all preganglionic [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] fibers originate in the ventral roots of T1-L2 (their cell bodies are located in the [blank_start]lateral gray horns[blank_end]).
The parasympathetic subdivision of the ANS has a craniosacral division where all preganglionic [blank_start]parasympathetic[blank_end] fibers originate in the brainstem or the [blank_start]sacral[blank_end] part of the spinal cord.
1. Asympathetic
2. Blateral gray horns
3. Cparasympathetic
4. Dsacral
167The sympathetic subdivision of the ANS has [blank_start]sympathetic[blank_end] pathways with [blank_start]short[blank_end] preganglionic fibers but [blank_start]long[blank_end] postganglionic fibers.
The parasympathetic subdivision of the ANS has [blank_start]parasympathetic[blank_end] pathways with long [blank_start]preganglionic[blank_end] fibers but short [blank_start]postganglionic[blank_end] fibers.
1. Asympathetic
2. Bparasympathetic
3. Cshort
4. Dlong
5. Epreganglionic
6. Fpostganglionic
168Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are located in the [blank_start]lateral gray horns[blank_end] between T1 and L2. Their axons enter the ventral roots at these segments and become part of the spinal nerve. As it clears the foramen between these segments, a white ramus communicant branches from the spinal nerve, carrying [blank_start]sympathetic preganglionic[blank_end] fibers. The white rami carry [blank_start]myelinated[blank_end] fibers to the sympathetic chain ganglion.
1. Alateral gray horns
2. Bsympathetic preganglionic
3. Cmyelinated
169All sympathetic preganglionic fibers enter the sympathetic chain ganglia
1. ATrue
2. BFalse
170Postganglionic fibers are myelinated
1. ATrue
2. BFalse
171[blank_start]Postganglionic[blank_end] fibers of the sympathetic chain ganglia will serve the head, extremities, body wall, and thoracic viscera. All [blank_start]preganglionic[blank_end] fibers will enter the sympathetic chain ganglia, but not all will [blank_start]synapse[blank_end] here. Postganglionic fibers from the sympathetic chain ganglia return to every peripheral nerve as a [blank_start]gray ramus communicantes[blank_end].
1. APostganglionic
2. Bpreganglionic
3. Csynapse
4. Dgray ramus communicantes
172Not all peripheral nerves have white rami communicantes, but all do have gray rami communicantes
1. ATrue
2. BFalse
173[blank_start]Preganglionic[blank_end] fibers pass through the sympathetic chain ganglia without synapsing. The fibers will converge to form the greater, lesser, and lumbar [blank_start]splanchnic nerves[blank_end]. Splanchnic nerves from both sides converge on the midline [blank_start]collateral ganglia[blank_end]. These ganglia are associated with abdominal arteries of the same name.
1. APreganglionic
2. Bsplanchnic nerves
3. Ccollateral ganglia
174The [blank_start]greater splanchnic nerve[blank_end] carries preganglionic fibers that have traveled through the sympathetic chain ganglia to the [blank_start]celiac[blank_end] ganglia where they will synapse with ganglionic neurons that will innervate the stomach, liver, pancreas, and spleen.
1. Agreater splanchnic nerve
2. Blesser splanchnic nerve
3. Clumbar splanchnic nerve
4. Dceliac
5. Esuperior mesenteric
6. Finferior mesenteric
175The [blank_start]lesser splanchnic[blank_end] nerve carries preganglionic fibers that have traveled through the sympathetic chain ganglia to the [blank_start]superior mesenteric[blank_end] ganglia where they will synapse with ganglionic neurons that will innervate the small intestine and proximal 2/3 of the large intestine
1. Alesser splanchnic
2. Bgreater splanchnic
3. Clumbar splanchnic
4. Dsuperior mesenteric
5. Einferior mesenteric
6. Fceliac
176The [blank_start]lumbar splanchnic[blank_end] nerve carries preganglionic fibers that have traveled through the sympathetic chain ganglia to the [blank_start]inferior mesenteric[blank_end] ganglia where they will synapse with ganglionic neurons that will innervate the distal large intestine
1. Alumbar splanchnic
2. Bgreater splanchnic
3. Clesser splanchnic
4. Dinferior mesenteric
5. Esuperior mesenteric
6. Fceliac
177Effects of sympathetic stimulation:
1. Astimulates tissue metabolism with mobilization of energy reserves
2. Bincreases alertness through stimulation of the reticular activating system
3. Cfeeling of energy and euphoria
4. Dincreases activity of CV and respiratory systems
5. Eelevation of muscle tone
6. Fexercise, emergency, embarassment
178The [blank_start]vagus[blank_end] nerve carries ~75% of parasympathetic innervation from the thoracic cavity to the distal segments of the large intestine
1. Avagus
179The sacral parasympathetic preganglionic fibers do not join the ventral rami of the spinal nerves, instead they form distinct pelvic nerves that innervate the kidneys, bladder and sex organs.
1. ATrue
2. BFalse
180Most parasympathetic nerves do not travel with spinal nerves
1. ATrue
2. BFalse
181Parasympathetic effects:
1. AConstriction of pupils
2. BSecretion by salivary, gastric, duodenal, intestinal, pancreatic, and liver glands
3. CSecretion of hormones
4. DStimulation and coordination of defecation
5. EContraction of urinary bladder during urination
6. FDigestion, defecation, diuresis
182Acetylcholine (Ach) receptors can either be [blank_start]nicotinic[blank_end] receptors or [blank_start]muscarinic[blank_end] receptors
1. Anicotinic
2. Bmuscarinic
183Nicotinic receptors bind Ach and [blank_start]nicotine[blank_end]. They are always [blank_start]excitatory[blank_end] to the postganglionic neuron. [blank_start]Nicotinic[blank_end] receptors are blocked by [blank_start]curare[blank_end].
1. Anicotine
2. Bexcitatory
3. Ccurare
4. DNicotinic
184Muscarinic receptors bind Ach and [blank_start]muscarine[blank_end]. These receptors can be [blank_start]excitatory[blank_end] or [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end]. Muscarinic receptors are blocked by [blank_start]atropine[blank_end], a substance used to dry up mucous membranes in surgery.
1. Aexcitatory
2. Binhibitory
3. Cmuscarine
4. Datropine
185Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are [blank_start]mutually exclusive[blank_end] - neither will respond to the other substance although both respond to Ach.
1. Amutually exclusive
186Alpha-1 norepinephrine/epinephrine (NE/Epi) receptors are the most common [blank_start]alpha[blank_end] that have a [blank_start]stimulatory[blank_end] response. They cause [blank_start]vasoconstriction[blank_end]. Responds to both NE and Epi.
1. Aalpha
2. Bstimulatory
3. Cvasoconstriction
187[blank_start]Alpha-2[blank_end] NE/Epi receptors are found on blood platelets and they cause [blank_start]blood clotting[blank_end]
1. AAlpha-2
2. Bblood clotting
188[blank_start]Beta-1[blank_end] NE/Epi receptors have a stimulatory effect on the heart - increasing [blank_start]heart rate[blank_end] and contraction strength. These receptors [blank_start]dilate[blank_end] coronary arterioles and stimulate renin release by the kidney causing an increase in [blank_start]blood pressure[blank_end]. These receptors respond to both NE and Epi.
1. ABeta-1
2. Bheart rate
3. Cdilate
4. Dblood pressure
189Beta-2 NE/Epi receptors are the most common [blank_start]beta[blank_end] receptors and they have an [blank_start]inhibitory[blank_end] effect - [blank_start]dilate[blank_end] coronary and skeletal blood vessels and bronchioles, while relaxing smooth muscle of digestive and visceral organs. These receptors respond only to Epi.
1. Abeta
2. Binhibitory
3. Cdilate
190At the synapse between a preganglionic fiber and a postganglionic neurion:
[blank_start]All[blank_end] preganglionic neurons, sympathetic and parasympathetic, release Ach. [blank_start]All[blank_end] postganglionic neurons, sympathetic and parasympathetic, have nicotinic receptors.
1. AAll
2. BSome
3. CNo
4. DAll
5. ESome
6. FNo
191At the synapse between a parasympathetic postganglionic fiber and an effector:
[blank_start]All[blank_end] parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release Ach. [blank_start]All[blank_end] parasympathetic effectors are muscarinic.
1. AAll
2. BSome
3. CNo
4. DAll
5. ESome
6. FNo

Information

Description: Biology Quiz on Neuroanatomy, created by Tamara Podnosova on 10/12/2016.
Author: Tamara Podnosova
Language: English
Views: 2
Tags: biology
Rating: No ratings yet
Rate this quiz
Rate this quiz

Neuroanatomy

Questions in this quiz (191)

Information

Feedback

What do you think of the new look?