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More Nutrition

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Biology Quiz on More Nutrition , created by Freya Robinson on 27/06/2017.
Freya Robinson
Quiz by Freya Robinson, updated more than 1 year ago
Freya Robinson
Created by Freya Robinson almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is a type 1 error?
Answer
  • Rejecting the true null hypothesis. False positive
  • Not rejecting the false null hypothesis. False Negative

Question 2

Question
Statistical power depends on?
Answer
  • Sample Size
  • Size of Specimens
  • Effect Size
  • Background Variation
  • Pseudo-replication
  • Significant level

Question 3

Question
What are the 8 steps of Feed and Food Processing?
Answer
  • Search, Detection, Decision, Orientation, Pursuit, Attack, Capture, Ingestion
  • Search, Decision, Detection, Orientation, Pursuit, Attack, Capture, Ingestion
  • Search, Detection, Decision, Pursuit, Orientation, Attack, Capture, Ingestion
  • Search, Detection, Decision, Orientation, Pursuit, Capture, Attack, Ingestion

Question 4

Question
In Aquaculture, what are some of the parameters that can effect feeding behavior?
Answer
  • Temp, Salinity, Light Intensity etc
  • Smell, loud music, wind speed etc
  • turbidity, sex ratio, health etc

Question 5

Question
A fish with high levels of Cones in their eyes and feeds during the day would be?
Answer
  • Mesotopic
  • Scotopic
  • Photopic

Question 6

Question
A scotopic fish has which characteristic?
Answer
  • High number of cones
  • High number of rods

Question 7

Question
Ghrelin is an orexogenic neurohormone that is stimulated in the hypothalamic.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
Which of the following are Orexigenic Neurohormones?
Answer
  • Ghrelin
  • Melanocotrine (POMC)
  • Galanin
  • Agouti-regulated protien
  • BBS - bombesin
  • CCK - gastrin
  • Melanin concentrating hormone (MHC)
  • NPY

Question 9

Question
Which of the following are Anorexigenic neurohormones stimulated by the brain?
Answer
  • CCK - gastrin
  • Melanocortine
  • CART
  • Bombesin
  • Leptin
  • Glucogen like peptide - GLP-1
  • Tachykinins
  • CRF

Question 10

Question
What does Ghrelin Control?
Answer
  • Homeostasis and consumption of food
  • Coloration and Consumption of food
  • Homeostasis and Coloration
  • All

Question 11

Question
Where is NPY stimulated?
Answer
  • Hypothalamus
  • Stomach
  • Nervous system
  • Pancreas
  • Digestive Canal
  • Liver

Question 12

Question
Galanin is produced in the brain and pituitary tissues?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
BBS is produced where?
Answer
  • Central nervous system
  • pancreas
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Brain
  • Digestive Canal

Question 14

Question
CART interacts with which neurohormones?
Answer
  • CRF
  • Galanin
  • MCH
  • NPY
  • Orexins
  • Agouti-regulated protien
  • Leptin

Question 15

Question
Ultradian Cycles are composed of more than one cycle per 24 hours?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Circadian Cycles are composed of 2 cycles per 24 hours?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Infradian cycles are composed of less than one cycle per 24 hours?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
A digestive system composing of a large stomach an small intestine belongs to ...
Answer
  • Omnivore
  • Carnivore
  • Herbivore
  • Insectivore

Question 19

Question
A digestive system composing of a large stomach and a large intestine would belong to what?
Answer
  • Herbivore
  • Carnivore
  • Omnivore

Question 20

Question
Anticipatory feeding behaviour characteristics include;
Answer
  • Feeding anticipatory activity gradual appearance.
  • Feeding anticipatory activity mostly appeared during food deprivation.
  • Detected only after several feeding cycles.
  • Disappeared during ad libitum feeding.
  • The restricted feeding increase the possibility for the fish to express food-anticipatory activity.
  • All of the Above

Question 21

Question
Signs of anticipatory feeding behavior include;
Answer
  • Swimming activity
  • Aggression
  • Lever-pressing behavior (if self fed)
  • Shyness
  • Agnostic Behavior
  • Swimming and feeding activity rhythms are strongly influenced by feeding method.

Question 22

Question
Synchronizing stimuli for feeding entrainment
Answer
  • Meal size and composition
  • Attractiveness of person feeding
  • Energy content
  • Food restriction
  • Hormone melatonin
  • Tank colouration

Question 23

Question
Feed Efficiency = wet weight / dry feed weight ?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
FCR = Dry feed weight / wet weight gain ?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
Protein efficiency ratio = 100 x (wet weight gain/ crude protein intake) ?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Fill in the blanks for this growth, feed utilization chart
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Feed Fish
  • Feed Losses
  • Wt Gain
  • Feed gain ratio
  • Feed Supply

Question 27

Question
Net protein ratio = (N gain in fish - N loss) / N Intake
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
For every 1g of oxygen consumed, how many Kj of energy expenditure is recieved?
Answer
  • 14
  • 12.7
  • 13.6
  • 11

Question 29

Question
Direct method for quantifying digestibility is: control of feed intake & collection of faecal losses corresponding to the amount eaten
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
An inert marker for indirect quantification of digestibility must be:
Answer
  • Without any physiological or behavioral effects
  • neither absorbed or metabolised
  • small
  • an appropriate color
  • easily and rapidly measured

Question 31

Question
Indirect method of digestibility sampling relies on collection of representative samples of faeces. how is this done?
Answer
  • Stripping/abdominal pressure
  • Collecting faeces from bottom of tank
  • Dissection
  • Anal Suction

Question 32

Question
Digestion variation: methodological factors to take into account
Answer
  • Number of replicates
  • frequency of feed distribution
  • Palatibility
  • Adaptation time of fish
  • Fish size
  • Water temperature
  • pH and salinity
  • Ingestion levels

Question 33

Question
Excess amino acids are stored in tissues in the body
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Different forms of Ammoniagenesis
Answer
  • Uricolysis
  • Ureagenesis
  • Purine Nucleotide breakdown
  • Amino acid catabolism: deamination and transdeamination

Question 35

Question
Different forms of Ureagenesis
Answer
  • Ornithine Urine Cycle
  • Purine nucleotide breakdown
  • Arginine Breakdown
  • Uricolysis
  • Amino acid deamination

Question 36

Question
Uricolysis
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Uric Acid
  • Allantoin
  • Allantoic acid
  • Urea and glyoxil acid
  • NH3

Question 37

Question
Forms of N excretion in Vertebrates
Answer
  • Uric Acid
  • Uricotelic
  • Ammoniotelic
  • Urea
  • Ureotelic

Question 38

Question
Amino acid pools
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Growth
  • Body Protein
  • FAA Pool
  • Oxidation/Catabolism

Question 39

Question
This isn't even a question... just look at it.... The answer is: Nutrition is lame
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Nutrition is lame

Question 40

Question
Fate of Dietary Carbs
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Faeces
  • Absorption
  • Oxidation
  • Synthesis
  • Amino Acids

Question 41

Question
Poor carb utilization in fish can lead to an intolerance to glucose, why?
Answer
  • Poor feed quality
  • Low insulin release
  • Feed the wrong size
  • Low number of insulin receptors in muscle
  • Absence of glucose transporters in muscle
  • Not enough starch
  • Poor regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism

Question 42

Question
20:5(n-3) is what?
Answer
  • DHA
  • Oleic acid
  • EPA
  • Linoleique

Question 43

Question
22:6(n-3) is what?
Answer
  • Linolenique
  • EPA
  • DHA
  • Palmitic

Question 44

Question
Fat soluble Vitamins are?
Answer
  • A
  • B6
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • B12
  • K

Question 45

Question
Sites of synthesis and deposition for lipogenesis
Answer
  • Spleen and Liver
  • Liver and adipose tissue
  • Muscle and organs
  • Liver and Muscle

Question 46

Question
Protein Sources in fish feed
Answer
  • Marine hydrolisates
  • Starch
  • Animal processed by-products
  • Plant meals
  • Animal Fat
  • Fish meals

Question 47

Question
Lipid sources in fish feeds
Answer
  • Marine oils - fish, krill etc
  • Cereals
  • Rapeseed, sunflower, soy

Question 48

Question
Problems with soybean include:
Answer
  • High Price
  • Low in Met and Lys
  • Post-extrusion fat absorption
  • High ANFs

Question 49

Question
Protein plant sources: processing benefits
Answer
  • Better palatibility
  • Faster Sinking Rate
  • More expansion potential for floating diets
  • Reduced ingredient costs
  • Applicable at higher temps
  • More binding potential for improved durability

Question 50

Question
Characteristics of single celled proteins
Answer
  • Can consist of bacteria, yeasts, other fungi or algae
  • Low Price
  • Low in Met and Cys
  • Efficient process of eliminating nucleic acid as uric acid

Question 51

Question
Starch is an important nutritional source in fish and provides expansion and improves binding and pellet durability
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
The general problem with pigmentation in feed is the low retention rates
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
Ways to reduce suspended matter?
Answer
  • Better AA availability
  • Changing feeding methods and strategies
  • Higher P sources
  • Quality of feed ingredients

Question 54

Question
Factors affecting voluntary feed intake:
Answer
  • Pigmentation
  • Temperature
  • Palatability
  • Fish Size

Question 55

Question
How to reduce N losses?
Answer
  • Adapt feed distribution to fish appetite
  • Choose proper protein sources to obtain an ideal dietary amino acid profile
  • Make pellets float better
  • Optimize phosphorus levels

Question 56

Question
How to reduce phosphorus losses?
Answer
  • Increase excess dietary P
  • Feed distribution should match fish appetite
  • Use dietary ingredients with high P bio-availability
  • Increase binders

Question 57

Question
Potential problems for implementing IMTA to reduce nutrients
Answer
  • Fish might escape and eat other species
  • Legal issues with different species in one location etc
  • Shellfish cannot take up organic nutrients
  • Seaweed isn't edible

Question 58

Question
Of the 176 differently expressed genes, how many are involved in metabolism?
Answer
  • 60%
  • 52%
  • 48%
  • 57%

Question 59

Question
Flesh lipid content, flesh n3 LC PUFA is found to be a highly heritable trait
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 60

Question
Arriana overall objectives:
Answer
  • Reduce the overall cost of aquaculture production
  • Develop sustainable alternative aquaculture feeds while reducing FM and FO
  • To increase palatibility of feeds for European species
  • To provide flexibility in the use of various ingredients in the formulation of feeds

Question 61

Question
Reduction of fish meal and fish oil in feeds have no trans-generational effects
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 62

Question
Early feeding exposure can lead to changes in phenotype of adult fish
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 63

Question
We can prepare fish for novel feeds by Induction and persistency of an altered nutritional phenotype and exposure to a nutritional stimuli at early life stages of high metabolic plasticity
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
Problems with increasing the use of "omics" technologies
Answer
  • quantifying responses is difficult at the biological level
  • Comparisons between species / studies are difficult
  • Studies to separate the effects of specific nutrients from those due to ingredients themselves are needed

Question 65

Question
Reliable biomarkers are needed for:
Answer
  • Increasing palatability
  • Growth, Feed utilization / Nutrient utilization efficiency
  • Monitoring the effects of temperature on feed
  • Analysis of biological consequences

Question 66

Question
Dose Response Curve
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Endogenous Losses
  • Maintenance
  • Max Growth

Question 67

Question
Nutrient/energy flow
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Feed Loss
  • Metabolic Loss
  • Faecal loss

Question 68

Question
How to calculate growth prediction based on water temperature and body size in Shrimp
Answer
  • Calculate specific daily growth rate
  • Evaluate Thermal Unit Growth Coefficient
  • Predict weight gain
  • Guess
  • Other factors such as genotype, husbandry practices and feed quality

Question 69

Question
Problems with shrimp nutrition
Answer
  • Affects pigmentation negatively
  • Our knowledge on nutrient requirements limited
  • Shrimp don't like the taste
  • Feed technology and feeding strategies need further refinement
  • Need to reduce the pressure on marine ingredients

Question 70

Question
Benefits of using information technology in aquaculture
Answer
  • Product looks better
  • Lower Production costs
  • Data can be shared with other companies
  • Improved operational efficiency
  • Improved product quality

Question 71

Question
Benefits of Data Mining
Answer
  • Have data for immediate use
  • Transform data into knowledge, and use this knowledge to improve efficiency and increase profitability.
  • Models are based on historical data so very accurate
  • Helps companies to identify systematic relationships

Question 72

Question
Label these people correctly
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Andreas
  • Dimos

Question 73

Question
Assumptions of absolute growth rate AGR = (Wt-Wi) / t
Answer
  • AGR is the same regardless of fish size
  • Linear relationship between weight and time
  • Allows comparisons between treatments with fish of different initial sizes
  • Assumes that fish weight increases exponentially

Question 74

Question
Assumptions of relative growth rate RGR = ((Wt-Wi) / Wi) x 100
Answer
  • Assumes that fish weight increases exponentially
  • The length (L) - weight (W) relationship is W ∝ L3
  • Restricted to the length of time for which it was computed and cannot easily be converted to another time period
  • Allows comparisons between treatments with fish of different initial sizes

Question 75

Question
Assumptions of specific growth rate SGR = ((lnWt - lnWi) / t) x 100
Answer
  • Is the same regardless of fish size.
  • Assumes that fish weight increases exponentially – useful for reporting the growth of small fish
  • Restricted to the length of time for which it was computed and cannot easily be converted to another time period

Question 76

Question
Assumptions for Daily growth coefficient
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Is the same regardless of fish size.
  • Growth in length is constant over time (i.e. L increases linearly over time).
  • Assumes that fish weight increases exponentially
  • The length (L) - weight (W) relationship is W ∝ L3

Question 77

Question
Assumptions for thermal growth coefficient
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Allows comparisons between treatments with fish of different initial sizes
  • Similar to DGC
  • Can be used to make predictions about how big a fish would be at different temperatures
  • Linear relationship between weight and time
  • Growth increases in a steady and predictable manner with increasing temperature

Question 78

Question
What is the Von Bertalanffy growth function ?
Answer

Question 79

Question
DEB Model
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Structure
  • Reproductive

Question 80

Question
Energy fluxes in fish
Image:
Image (image/png)
Answer
  • Feeding
  • Defecation
  • Assimilation
  • Growth
  • Development / Reproduction

Question 81

Question
Principles of experimental design include
Answer
  • Size
  • Replication
  • Pseudo-replication
  • Blinding
  • Randomization
  • Transparency
  • Controls
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