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Casey et al
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- 1What was the research method?Quasi-experiment
- 2Research methods strengthsHigh ecological validity as the Iv's, High/Low delayers, are naturally occurring and are not manipulated. It's also more ethical as nothing is being manipulated
- 3Research methods weaknessesIt is more difficult to isolate the Iv as it occurs naturally, which means it can be difficult to establish cause and effect
- 4What were the Iv's of the experimentHigh/Low delayers
- 5Dv's of the experimentPerformance on the impulse control test
- 6What were the controls?Everyone did the same test, psuedorandom and they everyone did all of the tasks at the same age
- 7What was the sample?562 pupils aged 4 from Stanford
155 in their 20's
135 in their 30's
117 in their 40's
59 in the actual study - 8What was the data collection method?Self report
- 9What are the strength of this method?They filled out a questionnaire and did the hot/cold task. It is quicker and cheaper than other data collection methods as the participants can do the task in their own home and doesn't take as many resources
- 10What are the weaknesses of this method?There is a chance of social desirability as the participants may say that they have more self control then they do due to embarrassment
- 11What type of data is collected?Quantitative
- 12Strengths of data collection methods?The data is more objective as it is not open to interpretation and it is easier to compare the results between high/low delayers
- 13What are the weaknesses of the data collection method?It is not very in-depth we don't know how the delayers feel or why they think in the way that they do, not being able to control their impulses
- 14Procedure - Experiment 1562 pupils, age 4 Stanford did the cookie test, identified as high/ low delayers
Test - did questionnaire repeated at different ages
155 at 20
135 at 30
117 at with above/below average scores
59 agreed to take part in the experiment (23 males 36 females)
pre-programmed laptop arrived at the participants houses, they had a cool task (male/female) had 4 psuedo-random runs, each run had 160 trials 120 go 40 nogo
Same hot task but it was happy/fearful - 15procedure - experiment 227 participants using FMRF
they did the hot task under the FMRF
Ventral stratum lights up - low
Infernal frontal gyrus - high - 16Key finding - experiment 1Reaction times - no effect of the delayers on reaction time measured to 'go' trial answered correctly
Accuracy - go trial - all the participants performed with high accuracy during both cool and hot tasks
Accuracy - no go trial - comparable performance on the ' cool ' task but the low delayers trended towards performing poorly on the hot task than high delayers - 17Key findings - experiment 2Overall accuracy rate for the hot task uni formally high, consistent with experiment 1
- 18ConclusionSensitivity to environmental hot cues plays a significant role in the individuals ability to suppress actions to alluring cues
Resistant to temptation as measured originally by a delay of gratification task
capacity to resist temptation varies by context
Behavioural correlates delay of ability are by function not only of of cognitive control but also compelling natures - 19Internal reliabilityIt is high as the computer was pre-programmed as pseudorandom so every participant has the same experience. they all took the same self-controlled questionnaire at ages 20 and 30, as well as the pseudorandom hot task of experiment 2
- 20External reliabilityThe research would be easy to replicate because the pre-programmed computer and pseudorandomness of the experiment 1 and 2 makes it more reliable as the codes will be easy to replicate and makes everything standardised
- 21Internal validityThey used the cool task male/female, go/nogo, as a control as it is easy to determine what gender the face is, The low and high delayers scored similar This allows them to isolate the results as they know how the participants score in a regular environment this makes to easier to compare the results to the hot task and see how the stimuli effects their results
The results of the hot task in both experiments shows how the areas of the brain correlate to self-control - 22Population validityThe study has low population validity as all of the participants come from Stanford bing nursery school making it difficult to generalise the results to a wider population. Casey also only used the extremes on both sides
- 23Ecological validityThe task that the participants did was very artificial as they were told to press a button when they saw a certain face or expression which is not normal for people to do. The setting is also unrealistic in the 2nd experiment as they were looking at a projector
- 24Temporal validityThe study has high temporal validity as the research is based on a biological view point so we evolved to be like this, this took place over millions of years
- 25Ethical issuesThe researcher got informed consent from the participants and they had the right to withdraw at any time
- 26Socially sensitive researchThis research could heavily affect people labelled as low delayers as they would be viewed as impulsive people who can't be trusted, certain people may not have been voted into government or positions of power due to their biological self-control
- 27Practical applicationsWe can do more research into how brain activity relates to self control which can help us alter reactions and could help us teach people to be less impulsive
This is limited due to the fact that it is deterministic meaning that the individuals have no choice/responsibility. If a criminal is a low delayer they can use that as an excuse as to why they committed the crime and shouldn't be held responsible
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- AS level Psychology (Core studies ) Karteikarten am Casey et al, erstellt von Kelsie Hepworth am 26/01/2020.
- Erstellt von
- Kelsie Hepworth · Jan 2020
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- 26 Jan 2020
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