Karteikarten
Attachment
Karten in diesem Stapel (10)
- 1Caregiver-infant interactionsAO1:
Reciprocity (conversation)
Interactional synchrony (imitation)
conditioning- Piaget (knows they will be rewarded)
AO3:
Problem with testing infants
intentional behaviour?
individual differences (more attachment) - 2Development of attachmentAO1:
Indiscriminate (all objects)
Beginnings (human)
Discriminate (separation/ primary)
Multiple (friends, teachers)
AO3:
Biased samples (working class, 1960's)
Cultural Variations (individual/ collectivist)
Stage theory's (lead to judgement) - 3Animal studies of attachmentAO1:
Lorenz- gosling eggs (attached to him even when introduced to real mother)
Harlow- (monkeys comfort over resources)
AO3:
Different heads on mothers (internal validity)
Generalising (reductionist)
Imprinting support (yellow gloves) - 4Explanations: Learning theoryAO1:
Classical con- Pavlov (mother is conditioned stimulus)
Operant Con- Skinner (drive is removal of comfort)
Social learning- Bandura (learned)
AO3:
Based on animals
Food comfort not as important
Bowlby's evolution theory - 5Explanations: Bowlby's theoryAO1:
Why? (evolution)
How (critical period, social releases and monotropy)
Consequences (schema/ IWM)
AO3:
Adaptive? (critical period too late)
Sensitive not critical
Learning theory explanation - 6Ainsworth's Strange Situation: types of attachmentAO1:
Procedure (separation anxiety, reunion behaviour, stranger anxiety)
Findings (secure, insecure-avoidance, insecure-resistant)
AO3:
Other types of attachment (insecure disorganised)
Reliability (observations recorded, several psy)
Low internal validity (hard to measure attachment) - 7Cultural variations in attachmentAO1:
Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (meta-analysis, 8 counties. secure concluded 'best')
Differences (Germany high in insecure Japan high in secure)
AO3:
Nation not culture (individual/ collectivist)
Study made for US (questions are biased)
Similarities due to innate factors - 8Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivationAO1:
Value (not just food but emotionally)
Critical period (if attachment is disrupted, attachment not made)
44 thieves (88 children, 44 were thieves. 86% experienced separation)
AO3:
Physical and emotional separation (emotional has same effect)
Long term support (increased risk to mental health issues)
Real world (hospitals) - 9Romanian orphan studies: effects of institutionalisationAO1:
Rutter and Sonuga-Barke (ERA, better development if adopted before 6 months, after 6 experienced problems
Effects (physical development, intellectual, attachment & parenting)
AO3:
Individual differences (different treatment and coping levels)
Value (longitudinal, reliability)
Environment rather than treatment (England more developed) - 10The influence of early attachmentAO1:
Internal working model (schema)
Hazan and Shaver- love quiz (early attachment)
Behaviour IWM (childhood friendships, poor parenting, romantic relationships & mental health)
AO3:
Correlation research (memory recall, no cause & effect)
Retrospective (social desirability, flawed)
Too deterministic (people can change)
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- Beschreibung
- A level Psychology Karteikarten am Attachment, erstellt von Elizabeth Evans am 27/01/2020.
- Erstellt von
- Elizabeth Evans · Jan 2020
- Aktualisiert
- 28 Jan 2020
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