Karteikarten
Bacterial Toxins
Karten in diesem Stapel (9)
- 1Define: Toxigenesis.ability to produce toxins.
- 2What are the 2 main types of toxin & what do they consist of?1. Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides - found in gram-negative cell walls)
2. Exotoxins (proteins - gram-negative & positive) - 3Which has a higher potency: endotoxins or exotoxins?Exotoxins
- 4What systemic effect can endotoxins cause?Pyrexia
- 5Why are endotoxins not suitable for use in vaccinations?They cannot be converted into a toxoid.
- 6Describe the effects of endotoxins & their systemic clinical presentations.Release of cytokines from immune cells --> Pyrexia & inflammation.
Complement activation --> Inflammation
Damage to capillary walls --> fluid leakage into tissues --> Hypotension & Shock
Blood coagulation --> Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) - 7Exotoxins consist of 2 subunits: A & B. What are the functions of each subunit?Subunit A: enzymatic activity.
Subunit B: Cell adhesion via binding to specific host cell receptor. - 8Describe the mechanism of Vibrio cholerae.1. Protein composed of A subunit & 5 B subunits.
2. B binds to receptor; A enters cell.
3. A is cleaved into A1 & A2.
4. A1: ADP-ribosylation activity.
5. Inactivates regulatory molecule involved in cAMP synthesis.
6. Increased cAMP synthesis.
7. Stimulates efflux of Cl- ions.
8. Followed by H2O, Na+ & K+ ions. - 9With what substance is the tetanus toxin treated with to form the toxoid?Formaldehyde
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- University - Medicine FoM Year 1 (Microbiology) Karteikarten am Bacterial Toxins, erstellt von Jacob Coe am 15/01/2022.
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- Jacob Coe
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