Karteikarten
Evolution: Ecological demands
Karten in diesem Stapel (12)
- 1a01: what is intelligenceability to adapt to and function effectively in a given environment
-the ability to think flexibly - 2a01: diet1. foliovores- only ate leaves
2. frugivores- only ate fruit
3. omnivores- fruit and meat
4. carnivores- meat - 3a01: why did cognitive demand increase?-when we were foliovores and frugivores, we had to identify which leaves or fruits were poison
-where they can be found
-and which seasons they grow in
-when we became omnivores, we had to find animals
-make weapons
-when the best time to kill them was - 4a01: hypocampus, why brain size increased-stores navigational and spatial memory (cognitive maps)
-dunbar 1992 as diet changes, we had to create new maps, especially from foliovore to frugivore
-The same argument is probably true for carnivores, as this involved tracking skills, weapon making and so on. The need to hunt and catch prey created adaptive pressures, which in turn led to increased levels of intelligence." - 5a01: food extraction toolsgoldsmith et al 2001
200,00 years ago, our ancestors began to develop complex stone tools that were used for hunting and butchering prey - 6a02: frugivores: leakey and lewin 1992leakey and lewin 1992
-primates require high-powered perceptual and cognitive skills for successful foraging
-for those primates who consume nuts, they need to know how to extract the food, rather than just graze
-had bigger brains - 7a02: food and intelligenceparker and gibson 1979
-no direct evidence of relationship between this feeding and overall intelligence - 8a02: brain size: monkeys-howler monkeys forage over small areas, their brain size correlates with this
-spider monkeys explore different areas to forage, their brain size is bigger. - 9a02: brain size: Reader and Laland-Reader and Laland conducted a meta-analysis of 116 primates and found that social learning, tool-use and innovation correlated to brain size
- 10a02: tools: mercader et al 2002-studied chimps in an African rain forest
-they used stones to crack nuts
-the tools were similar looking to old humans tools in east africa - 11IDA: culture-also had bigger brains
-some of the most successful human hunters
-they used highly elaborate tools
-some less successful groups like the Tasmanian aborigines used very simple tools - 12IDA: gender bias-this may not apply to women because men were most likely to go out and hunt, make tools etc.
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- A-Level Intelligence Karteikarten am Evolution: Ecological demands , erstellt von Veton Vishka am 09/03/2016.
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