Karteikarten
Enzyme Action
Karten in diesem Stapel (22)
- 1What do enzymes do and what do they act as?They speed up chemical reactions by acting as biological catalysts.
- 2What is a catalyst?A substance that speeds up chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction itself
- 3What do enzymes catalyse?The metabolic reactions in your body e.g. digestion and respiration
- 4Do enzymes affect the way you look explain why?Yes, your phenotype is due to enzymes that catalyse the reactions that cause growth and development
- 5What are enzymes?Proteins
- 6What do enzymes have that affect their shape?An active site with the specific shape.
- 7What is the active site for?It's where the substrate molecule binds to
- 8Are enzymes specific explain why?Yes due to their tertiary structure
- 9What is activation energy?The amount of energy needed to allow a reaction to start.
- 10What form is activation energy usually provided as?Heat.
- 11How do enzymes affect activation energies?Enzymes act as catalysts, they lower the amount of activation energy required, through the formation of enzyme-substrate complexes, making reactions happen at a lower temperature than they could without an enzyme which speeds up the rate of reaction.
- 12What is formed when a substrate fits into the enzymes active site?An enzyme-substrate complex
- 13What are the two reasons why an enzyme-substrate complex reduces the amount of activation energy required?1) If two substrate molecules need to be joined, being attached to the enzyme holds them close together, reducing any repulsion between the molecules so they can bond more easily.
2) If the enzyme is catalysing a breakdown reaction, fitting into the active site puts a strain on bonds in the substrate so the substrate molecule breaks up more easily. - 14What is the 'lock and key' model?When the substrate fits into the enzyme in the same way that a key fits into a lock - they need to be perfectly complementary.
- 15What is the 'induced fit' model?The substrate enters the active site, changing the active site shape slightly, making the bond stronger, and when the products are released the active site goes back to its original shape.
- 16Which model is better the lock and key model or the induced fit model?The induced fit model.
- 17Why are enzymes different?Because they have different tertiary structures so different shaped active sites, and if the substrate doesn't match the active site, the reaction wouldn't be catalysed.
- 18What happens if the tertiary structure of a protein is altered in any way?The shape of the active site will change, this means the substrate won't fit into the active site and the enzyme will no longer be able to carry out its function.
- 19What to things can alter the tertiary structure of an enzyme?pH or temperature
- 20What is the primary structure of a protein?An amino acid sequence
- 21What is the amino acid sequence of a protein determined by?A gene.
- 22How does a mutation occurring in a gene affect the shape of an enzyme?The amino acid sequence coding will be different, meaning that the tertiary structure will be different.
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- A Levels AS Biology (Unit 1 - section 2 the digestive system) Karteikarten am Enzyme Action, erstellt von liblob12 am 14/04/2014.
- Erstellt von
- liblob12
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- 9
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