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Key terms for the Tudors 1485-1603

Dan Bacon History GCSE Englisch 5,0Durchschnittliche Bewertung 5,0 von 5 (1 Bewertung) 104 Karten

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  1. 1Act of AttainderAct passed through parliament declaring the accused guilty without the need for a trial
  2. 2AnnatesRevenues paid to the Pope by a Bishop or other cleric on his appointment, collected in England and sent to Rome (also known as the 'First Fruits')
  3. 3AnticlericalismOpposition to the Church's role in political and other non-religious matters
  4. 4BondsA legal document which bound an individual to another to perform an action or forfeit a specified sum of money if they failed to do so
  5. 5BourgeoisieMiddle-class residents of towns and cities
  6. 6BullA letter or a formal declaration issued by the Pope
  7. 7BureaucratAn official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedure rather than the needs of people
  8. 8CalvinismIdeas on Catholic doctrine and organisation put forward in Geneva by the French reformer John Calvin
  9. 9Catholic ReformationThe attempts of the Catholic Church to reform itself across Europe in response to the rise of Protestantism
  10. 10ChamberThe private areas of Court, also a key department for the efficient collection of royal revenues
  11. 11ChanceryThe main court of equity in the kingdom
  12. 12ChantriesChapels where Masses for the souls of the dead took place
  13. 13ChivalrousGallant, or courteous; a code of conduct associated historically with the dutiful behaviour of medieval knights
  14. 14Collectanea satis copiosaCompiled by Cranmer to add intellectual authority to Henry's case in seeking an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
  15. 15ConsubstantiationProtestant belief that the bread and wine of the Communion only represent the flesh and blood of Christ spiritually
  16. 16ConvocationRuling council of the Church, a form of parliament
  17. 17Common rightsDenotes the legal right of tenants to use common land, for example keeping animals; the exact nature of these rights varied from place to place
  18. 18Corpus ChristiLiterally meaning the 'body of Christ', Corpus Christi is a feast of the Catholic Church which celebrates the 'blessed sacrament'
  19. 19CourtierA person who attends the Royal Court as a companion or adviser to the Monarch
  20. 20Courts of AssizeSenior courts in each county, presided over by a Judge appointed by the Crown
  21. 21Council Learned in the LawResponsible for marriage, wardship and relief of all the King's tenants and the collection of feudal dues
  22. 22DebasementMeans whereby the government tried to save money by reducing the content of gold and silver in coins and replacing them with cheaper metals, lowering the value of the currency
  23. 23DioceseAn area under the pastoral care of a Bishop in the Christian Church
  24. 24Duchy of LancasterA significant body of property, mainly in Lancashire, which personally belonged to the King but was formally the territory of the Duke
  25. 25Eltham OrdinancesWolsey's attempt to reform the King's Household in 1526
  26. 26EnclosureEnclosing agriculture land with hedges or fences to make it easier to raise livestock
  27. 27ErasmianismThe body of ideas associated with Erasmus and his followers
  28. 28ErastianThe view that the State should have authority over the Church
  29. 29EucharistA rite or sacrament known as Holy Communion which celebrates the Lord's Supper
  30. 30ExcommunicationExpulsion or banishment of a person from the Church. An excommunicant could no longer worship, marry or be buried in church
  31. 31Extraordinary revenueMoney raised by the King from additional sources as one-off payments when he faced an emergency or an unforeseeable expense of government; this could be made of parliamentary grants, loans, clerical taxes etc.
  32. 32Feudal SystemThe medieval system by which society was structured depending on relationships in which land was held in return for some form of service
  33. 33Feudal Dues/AidTraditional customs, such as marriage payments or inheritance tax, associated with the feudal system
  34. 34Field of the Cloth of GoldThe venue in Northern France for a grand meeting between Henry VIII and Francis I of France, June 1520
  35. 35Fifteenths and tenthsStandard form of taxation paid by towns and boroughs to the Crown
  36. 36Forty-Two ArticlesDrawn up by Thomas Cranmer during the reign of Edward VI as a summary of Anglican doctrine in the Protestant faith
  37. 37Great chain of beingSocial pyramid showing everyone's place in society, as decreed by God
  38. 38GothicThe style of architecture prevalent in Western Europe from the 12th to 16th centuries, characterised by pointed arches and large windows
  39. 39Groom of the stoolThe most intimate of an English Monarch's courtiers, who became a man in whom much confidence was placed and royal secrets were shared
  40. 40Guilds and confraternitiesVoluntary associations of individuals created to promote works of Christian charity or devotion
  41. 41HabsburgsFamily name of the ruling dynasty that reigned in sixteenth-century Spain, Austria, the Netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire
  42. 42Hanseatic LeagueA group of free cities which formed a commercial union to control trade in the Baltic Sea; the league dominated commercial activity in Northern Europe from the 13th century to the 15th century
  43. 43Heir presumptiveThe person who is first in line of succession but whose position could be displaced by a new heir with a better claim
  44. 44HeresyThe denial of the validity of the key doctrines of the Church
  45. 45HomilyA published reading which could be substituted for a sermon produced by a clergyman
  46. 46Holy Roman EmpireLarge, central European state, roughly equivalent to modern Germany, ruled by an elected Emperor
  47. 47Household governmentMedieval system of government where the head of a household, invariably an adult male, had authority over the property, labour and mobility of everyone living on his land
  48. 48HuguenotA term used in the sixteenth and seventeenth century to denote French Protestants
  49. 49IconoclasmThe rejection or destruction of images associated with established religious practices
  50. 50IntercessionThe action of saying a prayer on behalf of another; in traditional Catholic thinking it was the role of the Priest to intervene with God on behalf of an individual
  51. 51Intercursus MalusTrade agreement from 1506; this treaty never became fully operative and by the following year trading relationships had been restored on the basis of Intercursus Magnus
  52. 52Intercursus MagnusThe major commercial treaty between England and Burgundy which restored normal trading links between the two
  53. 53King's Great MatterConcerned the annulment of Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon and his desire to marry Anne Boleyn; this was a complex situation which would ultimately lead to the break with Rome
  54. 54King's CouncilCouncil consisting of the King's closest advisers
  55. 55LaityCollective term for those who were not Priests or members of a religious order
  56. 56Legatine CourtCourt set up in specific countries carrying the full authority of the Pope to determine legal cases (For example, the Court set up at Blackfriars in 1529)
  57. 57Livery and maintenanceUniforms and badges worn by retainers who serve their Lords
  58. 58LollardyReligious movement that existed from the mid 14th century to the English Reformation. The Catholic Church regarded its members as being heretics
  59. 59Lord ChancellorHighest legal and administrative office in the English government, often equated with being the Monarch's chief minister
  60. 60Lord LieutenantMilitary officer appointed to a county, concerned with the training of troops and the defence of the realm
  61. 61Lord ChamberlainAn experienced nobleman and member of the King's council. He was often a personal friend of the King and had administrative and political responsibilities
  62. 62Lord ProtectorTitle given to a senior nobleman appointed to govern the Kingdom on behalf of a child monarch
  63. 63LutheranFollows and faith of Martin Luther
  64. 64Marcher LordshipsSemi-independent lordships in Wales and the border region, ruled by noblemen possessing special authority from the Crown
  65. 65Merchant AdventurersCompany of English merchants who traded with the Netherlands and north-west Germany, principally in the export of finished cloth
  66. 66MagnateA member of the higher ranks of the nobility
  67. 67Navigation ActsActs passed through parliament in an attempt to promote and protect English trade and break the monopoly enjoyed by the Hanseatic League
  68. 68Papal LegateRepresentative of the Pope, given full Papal powers in a specific country (for example, Cardinal Wolsey)
  69. 69Pastoral dutiesWork of the Parish Priest, such as baptism, marriage and burial
  70. 70Pastoral farmingInvolves the rearing of animals - either for animal by-products (such as milk or wool) or for meat
  71. 71PatronageThe system by which the Crown distributed favours to those that were seen as loyal
  72. 72PeasantA country dweller who farmed directly on land which was either owned or rented
  73. 73PenanceSacrament of penance involved the repentance of sins by means of confession
  74. 74PeerageGroup of persons who held one of the five ranks of aristocracy - Duke, Marquis, Earl, Viscount, Baron. They were usually considerable landholders and exercised considerable power in their localities
  75. 75Perpendicular styleThe dominant form of Church architecture in England from the 14th to the 16th century, so-called because of its emphasis on vertical lines
  76. 76PraemunireA parliamentary statute enacted in 1393 to prevent papal interference in the rights of the Crown to make appointments to Church office
  77. 77Prerogative rightsDescribes those rights and powers which the Monarch could exercise without requiring the consent of Parliament
  78. 78PresbyteriansPuritan members of the Anglican Church who wished to reform the Church from within
  79. 79Privy ChamberComprising the close personal servants of the Monarch, its members had direct access to the Monarch and could directly influence them
  80. 80PurgatoryThe state in which souls of the dead were purged of their sins before they could enter the kingdom of heaven
  81. 81PuritanismThe belief amongst godly Protestants that the Church of England needed to be purged of any remaining Catholic practices
  82. 82Real WagesThe value of income in relation to prices of goods on the market, instead of actual money received
  83. 83RecognizanceA formal acknowledgement of a debt or other obligation which could be enforced by means of financial penalty
  84. 84RecusantThose who refused to attend the services of the Church of England
  85. 85ReformationThe 16th century movement opposing the Catholic Church, which resulted in the establishment of Protestant and reformed churches
  86. 86RegentA person who governs the country on behalf of the Monarch
  87. 87Reformation ParliamentParliament that met between 1529 and 1536. It transformed the Church by breaking from Rome and making Henry VIII the supreme head of the Church in England
  88. 88RenaissanceA cultural and intellectual movement, which began in Italy. It emphasised a revival of learning in science, art and classical civilisation
  89. 89RetainingMedieval system whereby great lords recruited those of a lower social status as their followers or servants (often they would serve as soldiers)
  90. 90Regular ClergyMonks and Nuns who lived and worshipped in monastic institutions
  91. 91Secular ClergyPriests and Chaplains who lived and worshipped in the community and led services in the local parish church
  92. 92SecularSomething not connected with religious or spiritual matters
  93. 93SectariesA term used (normally with disapproval) to describe members of sects which had separated from the Church of England
  94. 94SeparatistsHard-line Puritans who split from the Presbyterian movement to set up their own religious groups, which was entirely independent of the Anglican Church
  95. 95Star ChamberThe Court of Star Chamber dealt with serious crimes, both civil and criminal. It was especially effective in dealing with the nobility and gentry
  96. 96Statute of Uses 1535-36Law designed to prevent landowners transferring land to third parties, which meant that the Crown could not tax it because it was being used by people other than the people who owned it
  97. 97Submission of the ClergyThe formal surrender of the Church's independent law-making function
  98. 98SubsidyHistorically, a grant issued by Parliament to the Monarch for state needs
  99. 99Supplication of the ordinariesList of clerical abuses that Henry VIII intended to reform
  100. 100SynodA Church council
  101. 101Tonnage and poundageThe right to raise revenue for the whole reign from imports and exports
  102. 102TransubstantiationThe Christian belief that the substance of bread and wine was completely changed into the substance of Christ's body and blood by a ordained Priest during the consecration at Mass
  103. 103WardshipAn aspect of the Feudal system which enabled the Crown to gain profits from property held by a minor
  104. 104YeomenSocial class of richer peasant, who may have been as wealthy as some of the gentry, but were below them in social class

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GCSE History Karteikarten am Key terms for the Tudors 1485-1603, erstellt von Dan Bacon am 15/03/2017.
Erstellt von
Dan Bacon
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