Karteikarten
Key Dates for Surgery
Karten in diesem Stapel (18)
- 11800Patients were held down as surgeons performed surgeries like amputations
(anything deep within the body was impossible).
Speed was the only solution to pain and was a sign of a good surgeon.
Pain, infection and blood loss were the 3 main problems of surgery. - 21845Horace Wells used Nitrous Oxide (laughing gas) as an anaesthetic.
It didn't make patients fully unconscious, so didn't fully solve the problem of PAIN.
It reduced the sensation of PAIN. - 31845American dentist Horace Wells did a public demonstration using laughing gas as an anaesthetic.
The patient screamed in pain - this made people afraid and distrustful of the anaesthetic. - 41846William Morton (an American Dentist) used ether as an anaesthetic whilst removing teeth.
It was strong enough to make patients fully unconscious but it irritated eyes and lungs, causing coughing and sickness, and is smelly and hard to transport. - 51846James Simpson experimented with chloroform, finding that it was the most effective anaesthetic so far - it knocked patients out completely and didn't have many of the drawbacks of ether.
However, there was major opposition - it was untested and people didn't know side effects or dosages. - 61846The church said that pain was inflicted as punishment from God, so anesthetic was unnatural.
People said that the pain of childbirth was God punishing women for not being men.
Death rates rose as surgeons attempted complex surgeries due to anaesthetics. - 71847Ignaz Semmelweiss called for doctors to wash their hands before entering the maternity wards in the General Hospital in Vienna but was called crazy.
He thought that women died in childbirth because medical students delivered their babies right after dissecting dead bodies (he was right). - 81848Hannah Greener died of a chloroform overdose during surgery contributing to opposition.
- 91853Queen Victoria had a chloroform-assisted birth, promoting the anaesthetic.
It was given to her by Dr Jon Snow.
This destroyed opposition as people wouldn't oppose the queen.
Other anaesthetics were discovered as a result of the CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT. - 101861Louis Pasteur published his Germ Theory.
People now knew what caused disease and infection - a cure for INFECTION could now be discovered. - 11Pre-1867 (exact date unknown)Joseph Lister read Pasteur's Germ Theory and experimented with carbolic acid.
He first experimented in treating people with compound fractures - he applied carbolic acid to the wound and wrapped it in carbolic acid soaked bandages - and found that the wounds didn't develop gangrene. - 121867Joseph Lister experimented with carbolic acid to produce the first antiseptic.
The carbolic spray killed bacteria and was an effective antiseptic.
Later, a carbolic acid sprayer was developed so that the room didn't have to be manually cleaned with carbolic acid. - 131867People opposed Lister's discovery.
The carbolic acid cracked the hands of doctors and smelt bad.
Many surgeons disliked it because it made the surgery longer as they had to clean equipment. - 141868Bacteriologist Robert Koch discovered the bacterium that causes septicaemia (blood poisoning).
This boosted Lister's ideas and was the start of ASEPTIC SURGERY. - 151880Lister used sterilised catgut for internal stitches.
- 161889American surgeon William Halstead introduced the wearing of surgical masks and rubber gloves to prevent infection.
- 171900Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups, making transfusions possible.
A cure for BLOOD LOSS was now possible. - 181928Fleming discovered the benefits of penicillin.
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- GCSE History (Medicine and Surgery) Karteikarten am Key Dates for Surgery, erstellt von Emily Ball am 20/04/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Emily Ball
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