Karteikarten
Growth Hormone
Karten in diesem Stapel (40)
- 1Growth or an increase in size can be of what two forms?hyperplasia (increased number)
hypertrophy (increased cell size) - 2What are the two approaches to measuring growth?quantitatively or qualitatively
- 3What two things are needed for growth to take place?fuel source and building blocks
- 4What influences the availability of fuel and building blocks?hormones
- 5What class of hormone is Growth Hormone?peptide hormone
- 6What does growth hormone do?causes growth in almost all tissues of the body, promotes hyperplasia and hypertrophy, promotes cell differentiation
- 7How does growth hormone exist in the circulation?bound to GH binding protein (weakly)
- 8What produces growth hormone and via what cells?Anterior Pituitary and by somatotroph cells
- 9What are the stimulators for high GH levels?stress, sleep, exercise and starvation
- 10At the hypothalamic peptides, what stimulates GH secretion?GHRH, Ghrelin, hypoglacemia
- 11At the hypothalamic peptides, what inhibits GH secretion?somatostatin, Insulin like growth factor 1, states of obesity
- 12What is released at the periventricular nucleus to affect GH?somatostatin
- 13What is released at the arcuate nucleus to affect GH?GHRH
- 14What stimulate the arcuate nucleus?sleep, stress, exercise, fasting
- 15What kind of secretion rhythm is associated with GH?Diurnal, onset of sleep
- 16What kind of secretion pattern does GH follow?pulsatile
- 17The substances released from the PVN and the AN travel to the anterior pituitary via which system?hypophyseal portal blood system
- 18What type of processes in the body are affected by acute GH release?metabolic processes
- 19What kind of effect does long term GH secretion have?growth promotion
- 20What action does GH have regarding protein metabolism?increased amino acid use, increased protein synthesis, decreased protein catabolism
- 21Does GH work to preserve or use protein in the body?preserve protein stores
- 22What effect does GH have on lipid metabolism?decreased lipogenesis to maintain blood glucose levels
- 23What is the term for the way in which GH affects carbohydrate metabolism?diabetogenic
- 24What are the main actions GH has on carbohydrate metabolism?decreased glucose uptake and oxidation, increased gluconeogenesis, increased blood glucose
- 25What are involved in coordinating the long term effects of GH?use of somatomedins
- 26What is the factor that GH releases into serum to mediate its own actions?insulin-like growth factor 1
- 27Where in the body is IGF-1 produced?liver and some locally in tissues
- 28What does IGF-1 do wrt GH actions?integrates GH secretion and mediates local growth
- 29What does IGF-1 bind to?IGF binding proteins
- 30What cell processes, as part of growth, does IGF-1 act on?differentiation, clonal expansion and maturation
- 31If IGF-1 mediated local effects work on tissues to promote growth, where in the body are IGF-1 mediated endocrine effects carried out?liver, provides a feedback loop from liver to arcuate nucleus
- 32Plasma IGF-1 is a measure of what?GH secretion
- 33How are GH effects different between species?effects are only species-specific - GH from another species has no effect on a different one
- 34GH and which other hormone have similar amino acid sequences?prolactin
- 35Although GH is a weak promoter of milk synthesis, in cattle GH is a strong inducer of what?lactogenesis
- 36What causes the secretion of excess GH?pituitary tumours
- 37What happens if there is excess GH present in early life?giantism (before the epiphyseal growth plates have closed)
- 38What happens if there is excess GH present in adulthood?acromegaly (closed epiphyseal plates)
- 39What does acromegaly present as in cats?soft tissue swelling of internal organs, skull expansion, lower jaw protrusion
- 40What is the effect of a GH deficit and what may cause this?dwarfism - pituitary malformation/ GH receptor mutation
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Animal Disease 1 Veterinary Medicine Karteikarten am Growth Hormone, erstellt von Louise Mason am 05/05/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Louise Mason
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- 5
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