Karteikarten
Chapter 4
Karten in diesem Stapel (19)
- 1Impacts of air pollution on human healthchronic: gradual deterioration of physiological functions (e.g. longterm exposure to SO2
==> bronchitis)
acute: life-threatening reactions within hours/days (e.g. high
concentration of O3
or CO => death)
carcinogenic: changes in cells leading to cancer (e.g. cigarette
smoking ==> cancer) - 2Particles smaller than ------ penetrate the lungs and deposit in the alveoli5 micro-meters
- 3Effects on Plants and Animals*high SO2
and O3
concentration - damage/death
*Florine - causes stunt in growth and poor health - 4Effects on MaterialsSO2
and NOX
react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds such as acid rain - which damages metals, building materials, paint, textiles,
plastics, rubber, and various households - 5Effects on economy-air pollution costs $200 per person yearly in health costs
-pollution related losses > 10 billion $/year
-damages agriculture, forests, materials,
property, equipment
-air pollutants intercept sun light, increasing electricity bills - 6Major air pollutants:next 7 cards
- 7suspended particulate matter (SPM)mixture of solid/liquid particles =>
affect respiratory systems - 8volatile organic compounds (VOC)vapor state (from gasoline, solvents)
=> photochemical oxidants photochemical oxidants - 9carbon monoxide (CO)colorless + odorless ==> lethal to
human when concentration > 5,000 ppm - 10nitrogen oxides (NOx )source of acid rain; cough/irritation (exposure
under concentration > 5 ppm for 15 minutes) - 11sulfur dioxide (SO2)source of acid rain; affect respiratory
systems (bronchitis under long-term exposure) - 12lead and other heavy metalscumulative poison (chronic) => brain
damage & death - 13ozone (O3)eye irritation (when > 0.1 ppm); cough
& chest discomfort (when > 0.3 ppm) - 14Two types of air pollutants:(1) primary pollutants ==> directly emitted from sources (e.g. SO2
from power plants)
(2)secondary pollutants ==> generated from reactions of primary pollutants - 15Equations of types of pollutants*2SO2+O2+2H2O==>2H2SO4 (toxic/corrosive)
*NOX+VOC+sunlight ==>O3
(toxic) - 16Natural Sources of air pollutants volcano eruptions ( SO2, SPM, etc.) =>local impacts
forest fires (COX, NOX, SPM)
wind storms (SPM) => dust fall (or sand storm)
plants (hydrocarbon, pollen, methane, hydrogen sulfide)
soil (virus, SPM)
sea (salt particulate)
dust and sandstorm particles re-entrained during windy periods. - 17Man-Made Sources of air pollutants(1) Domestic sources
(2) Commercial Sources
(3) Agricultural Sources
(4) Industrial Sources
(5) Transportation-Related Sources - 18Particle Emission Control systems are (Five)-gravitational settling chambers
-cyclone
-wet collector (scrubbers)
-baghouse collector
-electrostatic precipitator - 19Four fundamental ways to reduce emission of gas pollutants1) reduction: reduce generation
2) conversion: convert gas pollutants to less harmful forms
3) absorption: selectively transfer gas pollutants into liquid => removed
4) adsorption: selectively deposit gas pollutants on a solid surface => removed
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- Bachelor Enviro Karteikarten am Chapter 4, erstellt von pdm800 am 02/08/2013.
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