Karteikarten
Chapter 1: Concepts of Health and Disease
Karten in diesem Stapel (30)
- 1What is the WHO definition of health?a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity"
- 2Define pathophysiologythe physiology of altered health; the study of altered health and its manifestations via changes in cells, tissues, and organs
- 3Explain the meaning of reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value as it relates to observations and tests used in the diagnosis of disease.Reliability is the ability to reproduce results
Validity is the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it was intended to measure
Sensitivity is the proportion of people that have a disease and test positive for that disease (true-positive)
Specificity is the proportion of people without a disease that test negative for that disease (true-negative)
Predictive Value is the extent to which a test can predict the presence of a given disease - 4Define epidemiologythe study of disease occurrence in human populations
- 5Compare the meaning of the terms incidence and prevalence as they relate to measures of disease frequencyIncidence is the number of new cases within a given time period
Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease at a given point in time - 6Differentiate primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention.Primary = preventing disease by removing all risk factors
Secondary = detecting disease early when it is still curable
Tertiary = preventing further deterioration after the disease has been diagnosed - 7Pathophysiology is the study of ________ and its manifestations via changes in cells, tissues, and organsaltered health
- 8The WHO defines the state of ______ as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.health
- 9The term ________ can be defined as an interruption, cessation, or disorder of a body system or organ structuredisease
- 10The multiple factors the predispose a patientrisk factors
- 11xcongenital defects
- 12Defects or damage that occurs after birth are termed ________ defects.acquired
- 13xdiagnosis
- 14________ is not clinically apparent and is not destined to become clinically apparent.subclinical disease
- 15________ is the study of disease occurrence in a population.epidemiology
- 16________ is a measure of the existing disease in a population, whereas ________ is reflective of the development of new cases.prevalence, incidence
- 17Define the term pathophysiology. Compare and contrast that definition with definitions for physiology and pathology.Pathophysiology is the is the study of altered health (the combination of physiology and pathology).
Physiology is the study of normal bodily processes.
Pathology is the study of disease manifestations. - 18How does the WHO define health?a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
- 19Explain what is meant by the term clinical course. In your answer, address the differences between an acute disorder and a chronic disease.Clinical course is the evolution of disease. An acute disorder is severe but short lived or self-limiting.
A chronic disease a continuous, long-term process often with periods of aggravations and remissions. - 20Differentiate between a congenital condition and an acquired condition.Congenital conditions are present at birth but may not be relevant until later stages of development.
Acquired conditions are defects or damage that occur after birth. - 21What is the difference between syndromes and sequelae?Syndromes are the compilation of signs, symptoms, and manifestations of a disease.
Sequelae are injuries that come as a secondary result of the disease. - 22What is the importance of risk factors, and how are they determined for a given population?Risk factors provide a window into a disease. It is possible to avoid risky behavior and therefore lower the chances of developing the disease. They are determined from studying a controlled population where most of the habits and practices are similar. Some of the most prominent studies are the Framingham Study (coronary hear disease) and the Nun's Study (Alzheimer disease).
- 23Define etiologycause of disease
- 24Define mortalitycharacteristics of death-producing effects of a disease
- 25Define morphologyfundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
- 26Define cohortgroup of people that share a certain characteristic(s)
- 27Define clinical manifestationssigns and symptoms of a disease
- 28Define prognosispredicted outcome of a disease process
- 29Define Evidence-based practiceusing current and best information in treatment
- 30Define preventionhalting disease progress or development
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