Karteikarten
Biological Definitions
Karten in diesem Stapel (32)
- 1GenotypeThe genes responsible for a persons traits.
- 2PhenotypeThe physical expression of a trait. These can be affected by the environment. For example, height could be affected if someone has a poor diet whilst growing up.
- 3Interspecific VariationVariation which arises between different species. For example, mammals are unable to breath underwater, but fish can.
- 4Intraspecific VariationVariations which occur between individuals of the same species. For example in the canine family there are different sized dogs, and different builds.
- 5MutationsChanges which occur in an individual due to chromosomes and genes. For example, ginger hair is a mutation.
- 6PathogenAn organism which can cause disease.
- 7InfectionThis occurs when a pathogen enters the tissue of an organism and colonises.
- 8Gas-exchange systemThe process by which air is inhaled into the lungs and oxygen is diffused into the blood stream, and carbon dioxide is diffused out and then exhaled out of the body.
- 9GenesSections of DNA on one chromosome which code for one or more polypeptide.
- 10TumourThese are produced when cells divide uncontrollably, and cause large swellings in the body.
- 11EnzymesChemicals which can break down large molecules and control most chemical reactions.
- 12Aerobic RespirationRespiration which includes oxygen as well as glucose and releases energy, h20 and carbon dioxide.
- 13RespirationOccurs in all living organisms, and within humans is the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide.
- 14NucleusControls a cells activities and contains the hereditary material for the cell.
- 15Cell MembraneUsually a semi permeable membrane which controls the substances which are able to leave or enter a cell.
- 16MitochondriaMade up of cristae and a matrix, and are the sites of respiration. They are therefore responsible for producing ATP, which can be used as energy to transport proteins into or out of a cell.
- 17RibosomesImportant in protein synthesis, and contain RNA.
- 18Cell wallA membrane around plant cells mostly which are made of cellulose, and can strengthen a cell.
- 19Root hair cellsCells with hair like extensions which can be used to increase the surface area and increase rates of absorption. E.g: plants absorbing water or minerals.
- 20White Blood CellsMain cells involved in the immune system. Can engulf and destroy invading pathogens.
- 21MicrovilliFinger-like projections off of an epithelial cell. Can be used to allow more efficient absorption due to increased surface area.
- 22Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumRough ER contains ribosome's on its surface, and provides a large surface area for the synthesis of protein and also a pathway for materials such as proteins across a cell.
- 23Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumSynthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates.
- 24Golgi ApparatusIn eukaryotic cells. Modifies proteins and can transport them in vesicles which pinch off from the main body of the organelle.
- 25LysosomeContain enzymes such as proteases and lipases, and can break down material ingested by a cell or worn out organelles.
- 26Red Blood CellsDo not contain a nucleus, and packed with haemoglobin in order to absorb oxygen.
- 27OsmosisThe net movement of water molecules through a semi-permanent membrane from a high to low gradient.
- 28DiffusionA net movement of particles from a high to low gradient.
- 29ChromosomesA thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the cells of most organisms. Contains genetic information.
- 30AllelesDifferent forms or variations of genes.
- 31DNATwo strands of nucleotides made of a sugar, a phosphate group and an organic base coiled in a double helix fashion.
- 32SpeciesOrganisms that can breed fertile offspring.
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- Karteikarten am Biological Definitions, erstellt von Yamminnnn am 10/01/2015.
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