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Karteikarten

VETS1021

m w Veterinary Medicine Englisch 67 Karten

VETS1021

Karten in diesem Stapel (67)

  1. 1Name the structuresFORELIMB AA.
    A= axillary; B= brachial; C= median; D= ext. thoracic; E= cranial circumflex humeral; F= bicipital; G= cranial superficial antibrachial; H= radial; I= median; J= unar; K= collateral ulnar; L= deep brachial; M= caudal circumflex humeral; N= thoracodorsal; O= subscap    Name the structures
  2. 2Where do they branch?FORELIMB AA.
    D branches from A near the shoulder; G branches from B near the elbow; scapular to N, humerus to KG, ulna/radius to the bottom    Where do they branch?
  3. 3Name the structuresFORELIMB VV.
    A= axillary; B= brachial; C= ulnar; D= median; E= radial; F= palmar digital; G= cephalic; H= cephalic; I= cephalic; J= ext. jugular; K= omobrachial    Name the structures
  4. 4Where do they branch?FORELIMB VV.
    Scapula to brachial, humerus before median, radius/ulna to the bottom    Where do they branch?
  5. 5Name the structuresHINDLIMB AA.
    A=aorta; B=ext.iliac; C=fem; D=popliteal; E=cranial tibial; F=int. iliac; G=crainial gluteal; H=caudal gluteal; I=deep fem; J=ext.pudenal; K=proximal caudal fem; L=saphenous; M=caudal br. saphenous; N= cranial br. saphenous; O=perforating br.; P=dorsal pedal; Q=distal caudal fem; R=middle caudal fem    Name the structures
  6. 6Where do they branch?HINDLIMB AA.
    Pelvic girdle to below H, femur to RQ, tibia/fibula tp bottom    Where do they branch?
  7. 7Name the structuresHINDLIMB VV.
    A=caudal vena cava; B=ext.iliac; C=fem; D=popliteal; E= cranial tibial; F=int.iliac; G=cranial gluteal; H=caudal gluteal; I=deep fem; J=medial saphenous; K=caudal br.; L=cranial br.; M=lat saph; N=caudal br.; O=cranial br.    Name the structures
  8. 8Where do they branch?HINDLIMB VV.
    Pelvic girlde between I and J, femur just below start of N and K branches, tibia/fibula    Where do they branch?
  9. 9flexor carpi ulnarisORIGIN: ulnar = olecranon; humeral = medial epicondyle of humerus
    INSERTION: accessory carpal bone
    NERVE: ulnar
    ACTION: flex carpus
  10. 10semitendinosus and semimembranosusORIGIN: ischiatic tuberosity
    INSERTION: disto-cranial border of tibia; proximal tibia
    NERVE: sciatic
    ACTION: extend hip
  11. 11biceps brachiiORIGIN: supraglenoid tubercle
    INSERTION: ulnar & radial tuberosities
    NERVE: musculocutaneous
    ACTION: flex elbow, extend shoulder
  12. 12common digital extensorORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
    INSERTION: extensor process of distal phalanges (II-IV)
    NERVE: radial
    ACTION: extend carpus
  13. 13gastrocnemiusORIGIN: supracondylar tuberosities of femur
    INSERTION: proximal dorsal surface of tuber calcanei
    NERVE: tibial
    ACTION: extend tarsus,
  14. 14gracilisORIGIN: pelvic symphysis
    INSERTION: cranial border of tibia
    NERVE: obturator
    ACTION: adduct hindlimb
  15. 15trapeziusORIGIN: median raphe of neck
    INSERTION: spine of scapula
    NERVE: accessory
    ACTION: elevate and abduct forelimb
  16. 16triceps brachii (long, lateral, medial, accesory heads)ORIGIN: caudal border scapula; tricipital line of humerus; lesser tubercle of humerus; neck of humerus
    INSERTION: olecranon tuber
    NERVE: radial
    ACTION: extend elbow
  17. 17quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)ORIGIN: ilium (rectus); proximal femur
    INSERTION: tibial tuberosity
    NERVE: femoral
    ACTION: extend stife
  18. 18supraspinatous and infraspinatous (and subscapularis)ORIGIN: supraspinous fossa; infraspinous fossa; (subscapular fossa)
    INSERTION: greater tubercle of humerus; (lesser tubercle of humerus)
    NERVE: suprascapular; (subscapular)
    ACTION: extend/stabalise shoulder; extend/flex shoulder; (adduct/extend shoulder)
  19. 19deep, middle, superficial glutealsORIGIN: ischiatic spine; crest/gluteal surface of ilium; lateral border of sacrum
    INSERTION: greater trochanter; third trochanter (superficial)
    NERVE: cranial gluteal and caudal gluteal (superficial m.)
    ACTION: extend hip
  20. 20lateral digital extensor (forelimb, hindlimb)ORIGIN: lateral epicondyle of humerus
    INSERTION: extensor processes of distal phalanges (III-V)
    NERVE: radial
    ACTION: extend carpus
  21. 21biceps femorisORIGIN: ischiatic tuberosity
    INSERTION: cranial border of tibia
    NERVE: sciatic
    ACTION: extend hip
  22. 22pectineousORIGIN: pubic tubercle
    INSERTION: caudal femur
    NERVE: obturator
    ACTION: adduct hindlimb
  23. 23ulnar n.1. flexor carpi ulnaris
    2. deep digital flexor
    3. interossei
  24. 24radial n.1. triceps brachii
    2. tensor fascia antibrachii
    3. anconeus
    4. extensor carpi radialis
    5. supinator
    6. common digital extensor
    7. lateral digital extensor
    8. ulnaris lateralis
    9. abductor pollicis longus
  25. 25median n.1. pronator teres
    2. flexor carpi radialis
    3. pronator quadratus
    4. superficial digital flexor
    5. deep digital flexor
  26. 26femoral n.1. quadriceps femoris
    2. iliopsoas
  27. 27axillary n.1. deltoideus
    2. teres major
    3. teres minor
  28. 28musculocutaneous n.1. coracobrachialis
    2. biceps brachii
    3. brachialis
  29. 29tibial n.1. gastrocnemius
    2. superficial digital flexor
    3. popliteus
    4. deep digital flexors
    5. plantar muscles
  30. 30obturator n.1. external obturator
    2. gracilis
    3. pectineus
    4. adductor magnus and brevis
    5. adductor longus
  31. 31saphenous n.1. sartorius (cranial and caudal)
  32. 32sciatic n.1. gamelli
    2. int. obturator
    3. quadratous femoris
    4. biceps femoris
    5. semimembranosus
    6. semitendinosus
  33. 33accessory n.1. trapezius
    2. brachiocephalicus
    3. omotransversarius
  34. 34intervertebral discstwo parts:
    - nucleus pulpsus = acts as watery cushion & facilitates elasticity of joint
    - annulus fibrosis = surrounds nucleus pulposus, fibrous, relatively pliable    intervertebral discs
  35. 35hip joint ligaments1. transverse acetabular - continues across acetabular notch
    2. ligament of head of femur - extends from fovea of femur to acetabular notch
  36. 36nuchal ligament (dog v horse)DOG:
    - extends from axis (spinal process) to first thoracic vertebrae
    - consists of one part (funicular) which is simple paired fibrous band of yellow elastic fibres
    HORSE:
    - extends from occipital bone to first few thoracic vertebra
    - two bursas:
    = atlantal (over axis under funicular part)
    = supraspinatous (over 2nd/3rd vertebrae under funicular part
    - two parts:
    = funicular - elastic over neck, fibrous over withers
    = lamellar - elastic lamellae separated by connective tissue, extends from 2nd/3rd thoracic to cervical
  37. 37elbow joint ligaments- medial & lateral collaterals = crura
    - annular = mostly medial, encircling head of radius
    - olecranon = from medial humerus to olecranon
    - oblique = craniolateral joint capsule, lateral humerus to medial radial head
  38. 38cursorial adaptations- designed for running at speed
    1. bones long & thin
    2. smaller calcaneous
    3. long metacarpal/tarsal bones
    4. long feet but most of surface doesnt touch ground
    5. reduction of extensor mm (greater leverage) & larger hip/shou/stifle/elb mm
    6. reduction in mm mass
    HORSE:
    1. reduction of digits
    2. limbs fixed in pronation
    3. adduction/abduction of limb removed
    4. limb ends in hoof
    5. extreme shortening of muscle bellies
    6. inc strength/length of metacarpals & phalanges
  39. 39bow & string model1. stability of bow = axial & supraspinatous mm, & dorsal & ventral ligaments, & shape of articular processes between vertebrae
    2. results in compressive strength within vertebral bodies & trabeculae are aligned longitudinally to resist stress
    3. intervertebral joints allow flexibility in "bow" & soft nucleus pulposus of discs hydrostatically distribute compressive forces evenly
    4. curvature is stabalised by ligaments & m bridges
  40. 40navicular (distal sesamoid)- boat shaped
    - PII&III
    - provides bearing surface for DDFT & therfore under compressive stress
  41. 41carpal canal- RUNS THROUGH: DDFT&SDFT, medial palmar n, median a
    - flexor retinaculum encloses canal
    - palmar carpal fibrocartilage forms smooth deep surface
  42. 42tarsal canal- long plantar lig forms deep wall
    - plantar annular lig forms outer wall
    - RUNS THROUGH: lateral head DDF, plantar br saphenous a&v, med&lat plantar nn
  43. 43stay apparatusCARPAL JOINT:
    - palmar carpal lig
    - close packing of flat carpal bones dorsally
    - flexion prevented by tension on ECR maintained by lacertus fibrosous
    ELBOW JOINT:
    - tonic activity of triceps brachii
    ACCESSORY LIG SDF
    - suspensory app
    - support fetlock, coffin & pastern joints, & SDF from overextension
    - located proximal carpus
    ACCESSORY LIG DDF
    - connects DDF with cannon bone
    - limit movement of tendon
    - suspensory app
    - prevent overextension of fetlock, pastern & coffin joints
  44. 44‘Diva’ is moderately lame in the left forelimb following a shoulder to shoulder collision with another horse. On examination both the left supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are atrophied and the shoulder joint partially dislocates when ‘Diva’ walks. From the list above, select the nerve that has been damaged in the accident and is responsible for the shoulder joint instability.suprascapular n.
  45. 45‘Red’ has sustained a deep wound to the palmar aspect of his left forelimb pastern; he now stands on his heel with his toe lifted off the ground. From the list above, select the tendon or ligament that has been injured as a result of this trauma.DDFT
  46. 46‘Lollie’ has upward fixation of the patella, which involves dysfunction of the stifle stay apparatus. Which structure from the list above is involved in this disease?medial patellar lig
  47. 47sickle hock- hocks have too much of an angle in them
    - predisposes to curb & uneven hoof wear
    - limb is under the pelvis and abdomen distal from hock
  48. 48lacertus fibrosis- runs from biceps brachii to the extensor carpi radialis
    - prevents flexion of carpal &elbow joint by keeping tension of the extensor carpi radialis
    - passive process
  49. 49‘Island Grace’ is quite lame. From the list above select the bone that is the MOST MEDIAL of the proximal row of carpal bones.radial carpal bone
  50. 50‘Jasper’ is acutely lame in the right hindlimb. You are able to extend the hock (tarsus) while the stifle is flexed and your diagnosis is disruption of the reciprocal apparatus. From the list above, select the muscle that forms an essential part of the reciprocal apparatus.peroneus tertius
  51. 51‘Carolyn’ is reluctant to lift either front feet. Select from the list above the major artery that is located on the abaxial (outside) surface of the forelimbpalmar digital artetry
  52. 52‘Oz Rock’ has suffered laceration to the lateral & palmar aspect of his left hindlimb pastern & foot immediately proximal to the coronary band. Notice there is firm, pliable white coloured tissue protruding from wound. Structure that is most likely involved in this wound?ungual cartilage
  53. 53‘Blaze’. The owner describes the site of injection as being immediately cranial to the scapular & 10cm from dorsum (top) of the neck. From the list above select the muscle most likely to be the site of injection.subclavian
  54. 54‘Steve’ Select from the list above the correct origin (O) and insertion (I) of the semitendinosus muscle in horses.ORIGIN: vertebral & pelvic heads
    INSERTION: cranial border of tibia and tarsal (calcaneal) tendon
  55. 55How many FETLOCK JOINTS are present in the forelimb of the OX and which metacarpal bones are involved?Fused Metacarpal III and IV divide distally to form paired communicating fetlock joints, with two pairs of proximal sesamoid bones.
  56. 56plantigrade, digitigrade and unguligradePLANTIGRADE: entire surface of foot on ground
    = digits, metacarpals/tarsals, carpus/tarsus
    DIGITIGRADE: most of surface doesnt touch ground
    = in some, the digits & distal ends of metacarpi/metatarsi are on ground
    UNGULIGRADE: only one toe
    = distal phalanx (usually encased in hoof)
  57. 573 longitudinal ligaments of vertebral column1. ventral longitudinal
    2. dorsal longitudinal
    3. supraspinous
  58. 58‘Coke’ is lame in both hind limbs & hocks (tarsus) are enlarged. Radiographs (x-rays) of his hocks clearly show that the lateral trochlear ridge of the talus is diseased & there is increased volume of synovial fluid in joint. From the list above, select the joint that is most likely involved in this disease.tarsocrural joint/ tibiotarsal joint
  59. 59‘Russel’ The muscles involved are the supraspinatus & infraspinatus & shoulder (glenohumeral) joint is now intermittently dislocating. From the list above, select the nerve that has been damaged in the collisionsuprascapular n
  60. 60‘Socrates’ steps short in left front leg & drags toe. From the list above, select the muscle that is superficial to this synovial structure.biceps brachii
  61. 61Quarter horses (Bill) has fibrotic myopathy. Select the most caudal of the thigh muscles in the horse from the list above (at the mid-thigh level).semitendinosus
  62. 62Tiger has upward fixation of the patella. From the list above select the structure that is involved with this lameness.medial patella ligament
  63. 63‘Princess’ From the list above select the muscle that is associated with the proximal check ligament.Superficial digital flexor
  64. 64‘Max’ From the list above select the joint that is adjacent to the navicular bone.Distal interphalangeal joint
  65. 65components of the reciprocal apparatus and discuss their role in stifle and hock (tarsus) function- Include the peroneus tertius & SDF
    - In hind leg only
    - while stifle is locked, hock is fixed = minimises muscle fatigue while leg is resting
  66. 66structure and function of accessory ligament of the DDF (also called the distal or inferior or carpal check ligament)STRUCTURE - connects DDFT with cannon bone just below knee
    FUNCTION - limit movement of tendon so that it doesn’t become over stressed, part of stay apparatus in forelimb & prevents over extension
  67. 67distal sesamoidean ligaments of horse (4)- oblique, straight, cruciate & short sesamoidean ligaments
    - part of suspensory apparatus (prevent hyperextension of fetlock)
    - all paired except straight

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Veterinary Medicine Karteikarten am VETS1021, erstellt von m w am 03/12/2019.
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m w
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