Karteikarten
part 2
Karten in diesem Stapel (82)
- 1PLANTAR SURFACE OF THE FOOTThe muscles are commonly arranged in four layers from superficial to deep, or they can be arranged in compartments: medial, lateral, central, and interosseous.
- 2Deep fascia, plantar fascia, or plantar aponeurosis:Continuous with other regions.
Completely surrounds the muscles.
Also called the plantar aponeurosis which is divided into a central, medial and lateral portion.
– Forms intermuscular septa.
– Forms flexor sheaths in the digits. - 3Central portion of plantar aponeurosis:Triangular in shape with the apex attaching at the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity.
In the metatarsal shaft region it divides into five slips, one to each digit. Each slip divides into a deep and superficial slip. - 4part 2The superficial slips merge with the superficial transverse metatarsal ligament. The deep slips divide into two slips which course on either side of the tendon of FHL, and the tendons of FDL and FDB.
The deep slips blend with the plantar plate and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments , and then distally form the flexor sheaths. - 5Clinical note: Plantar fascitis is an inflammation of the attachment of the central portion of the plantar aponeurosis to the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity..
- 6Deep fascia: – Flexor sheaths:Fibrous sheaths that enclose the tendons of FHL, FDL, and FDB in the digits.
They are continuous with the deep slips of the central portion of the plantar aponeurosis.
They attach to the plantar plates (MPJ’s and IPJ’s) and to the plantar aspect of the phalanges. - 7Within the flexor sheaths the tendons are surrounded by asynovial sheath.
The synovial sheaths have connections to the long and short flexor tendons called vincula tendinum which carry blood vessels to the tendons. - 8Clinical note: Dorsiflexion of the digits tenses the plantar aponeurosis and increases the height of the longitudinal arch (windlass effect).,
- 9First layer of plantar musclesAbductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi - 10Anatomical note: Remember the midline for abduction/adduction of the digits is the second toe and the midline of the body is used when describing deformities.Clinical note: Varus means bent towards the midline of the body (inwards), and valgus means bent away from the midline of the body (outwards).
- 11Abductor hallucis: – Origin:Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity.
Flexor retinaculum.
• Deep surface of plantar aponeurosis.
• Tuberosity of the navicular. - 12courseDistally along the medial side of the foot.
- 13insertFibers blend with the medial tendon of FHB, the medial sesamoid, the plantar plate, and the extensor hood.
Tendon then inserts into the medioplantar aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux. - 14actionAbducts and aids in plantarflexion of the hallux.
- 15Flexor digitorum brevis: – Origin:Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity.
Deep surface of plantar aponeurosis. - 16courseDistally and divides into four tendons, one to each lesser digit.
- 17insertEach tendon divides into two parts at the base of a proximal phalanx to allow passage of a tendon of FDL.
The two parts unite at the head of a proximal phalanx and insert into the plantar surface of the shaft of a middle phalanx. - 18actionPlantarflexes the proximal and middle phalanges
- 19Abductor digiti minimi: – Origin:Lateral margin of the medial process of calcaneal tuberosity.
Lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity.
Deep surface of plantar aponeurosis.
Tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal. - 20courseDistally along the lateral side
of the foot. - 21insertLateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe.
- 22actionAbducts the fifth toe
- 23Clinical note: Entrapment of the muscular branch of the lateral plantar nerve to this muscle causes heel pain..
- 24Second layer of plantar muscles:Quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius)
Lumbricales (4) - 25Both of these muscles are associated with the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus muscle. The tendon of flexor hallucis longus also courses in this layer and is connected to the tendon of FDL by a fibrous cord called the knot of Henry..
- 26Quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius) – Origin:Medial head:
– Medial surface of the calcaneus.
Lateral head:
– Inferior surface of the calcaneus just distal to the lateral process of the calcaneal tuberosity, and long plantar ligament. - 27Anatomical note: The two heads are separated by the long plantar ligament..
- 28courseThe two heads join
- 29insertTendon of FDL.
- 30actionAssists FDL in plantarflexion of the lesser digits
- 31Lumbricals: – Origin:First:
– Medial side of the first tendon of FDL.
Second:
– Adjacent sides of the first and
second tendons of FDL. - 32part2Third:
– Adjacent sides of the second and third tendons of FDL.
Fourth:
– Adjacent sides of the third
and fourth tendons of FDL. - 33courseDistally along the medial side of the FDL tendons and inferior to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament.
- 34Lumbricals: – Insertion:First:
– Extensor wing and extensor trifurcation of the first tendon of EDL (of the second toe).
Second:
– Extensor wing and extensor trifurcation of the second tendon of EDL (of the third toe). - 35part2Third:
– Extensor wing and extensor trifurcation of the third tendon of EDL (of the fourth toe).
Fourth:
– Extensor wing and extensor trifurcation of the fourth tendon of EDL (of the fifth toe). - 36actionPlantarflex the proximal phalanges and extend the middle and distal phalanges of the lesser digits.
When they contract they tighten the wing and slacken the sling components of the extensor hood - 37Third layer of plantar muscles:Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis - 38Anatomical note: The tendons of peroneus longus and tibialis posterior course in this layer..
- 39Flexor hallucis brevis: – Origin:From a Y-shaped tendon.
– Lateral arm from plantar surface of the cuboid and third cuneiform.
– Medial arm from the plantar component of the tendon of tibialis posterior. - 40courseTowards the first metatarsal head
and divides into two tendons. - 41insertMedial tendon contains the medial sesamoid, blends with the plantar plate and tendon of abductor hallucis, and contributes to the extensor hood.
Lateral tendon contains the lateral sesamoid, blends with the plantar plate and tendon of adductor hallucis, and contributes to the extensor hood. - 42part2The tendons then unite and insert into the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux.
- 43actionPlantarflexes the proximal phalanx of the hallux.
- 44Adductor hallucis: – Origin:Oblique head
Transverse head - 45Oblique head:Plantar surface of the bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsals and the tendon sheath of peroneus longus.
- 46Transverse head:Plantar plates of the third, fourth, and fifth MTP’s, and the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments between them.
- 47courseThe two heads unite to form a conjoined tendon which courses through the split in the deep transverse metatarsal ligament.
- 48insertFibers blend with the lateral tendon of FHB, the lateral sesamoid, the plantar plate, and contribute to the extensor hood.
Tendon then inserts into the lateroplantar aspect of the base of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux. - 49actionOblique head
Transverse head - 50Oblique headAdducts and aids in plantarflexion of the hallux.
- 51Transverse headAdducts the hallux and assists in pulling the metatarsal heads together
- 52Flexor digiti minimi brevis: – OriginInferior surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal.
Tendon sheath of peroneus longus. - 53courseDistally and slightly laterally.
- 54insertLateroplantar aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe.
- 55actionPlantarflexes the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe
- 56Fourth layer of plantar musclesPlantar interossei (3):
– Unipennate in
structure.
Dorsal interossei (4):
– Bipennate in structure. - 57Plantar interossei: – OriginFirst:
– Inferior surface of the base and medial surface of the shaft of the third metatarsal.
Second:
– Inferior surface of the base and medial surface of the shaft of the fourth metatarsal.
Third:
– Inferior surface of the base and medial surface of the shaft of the fifth - 58courseTendons course distally superior to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament.
- 59insertFirst:
– Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the third toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the third toe.
• Second:
– Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the fourth toe. - 60part 2• Third:
– Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the fifth toe. - 61actionAdduct the third, fourth, and fifth toes.
- 62Dorsal interossei: – OriginFirst:
– Adjacent sides of the shafts of the first and second metatarsals.
Second:
– Adjacent sides of the shafts of the second and third metatarsals. - 63part 2Third:
– Adjacent sides of the shafts of the third and fourth metatarsals.
Fourth:
– Adjacent sides of the shafts of the fourth and fifth metatarsals. - 64courseTendons course distally superior to the deep transverse metatarsal ligament.
- 65Dorsal interossei: – Insertion:First:
– Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the second toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the second toe.
Second:
– Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the second toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the second toe. - 66part 2Third:
– Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the third toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the third toe.
Fourth:
– Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe and into the extensor hood (sling and wing) of the fourth toe. - 67actionAbduct the second, third, and fourth toes.
- 68Tibialis posteriorTendon divides into a main, recurrent, and plantar component:
Main
plantar
recurrant - 69Main:Tuberosity of the navicular and plantar surface of the first cuneiform.
- 70plantarSecond and third cuneiforms; cuboid; and the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bases.
- 71Recurrent:Sustentaculum tali.
- 72Flexor digitorum longusDivides into four tendons for the lesser digits. Each tendon courses through the split in the tendon of FDB in the shaft of a proximal phalanx and then inserts on the plantar surface of the base of a distal phalanx.
- 73Flexor hallucis longusPlantar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the hallux.
- 74Gastrocnemius and soleusForm the tendo calcaneus which inserts into the middle one-third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus.
- 75PlantarisMedial side of the middle one-third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus.
- 76Peroneus brevis:Tuberosity of the base of the fifth metatarsal.
- 77Peroneus longusLateral and plantar surfaces of the first cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal (first ray).
- 78The deep fascia divides the plantar surface if the foot into amedial, lateral, central, and interosseous compartment.
- 79Medial:Contains the
abductor hallucis
tendon of FHL
flexor hallucis brevis. - 80lateralContains the
abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis. - 81centralContains the
flexor digitorum brevis
tendons of FDL
quadratus plantae
lumbricals
adductor hallucis. - 82InterosseousContains the dorsal and plantar interossei.
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- Beschreibung
- Karteikarten am part 2, erstellt von Shylla T am 06/05/2021.
- Erstellt von
- Shylla T
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