Karteikarten
Emotions
Karten in diesem Stapel (21)
- 1Emotions motivate 2 main dimensions-quality/valence : aversive/appetite
--we want to escape from threatening situations such as snarling animals, disease, bad people
-intensity/arousal : high/low
--some things we want a lot, some things we want less; the amount of arousal attributed to these "Wants" is reflected by how much we want them - 2Steer our balances
- 3disguststeer free of infectious situations
- 4average arousal ratings
- 5extreme emotions evoke high arousal, but different emotions are not differentiated by arousal alone
- 6polygraphrelies on the interpretation that a professional polygrapher has of the polygraph's reading
--polygraph is biofeedback to questions asked by the polygraph
INTENDED purpose: differentiate the guilty from the innocent
-problem: there is noknown biological response that differentiates the guilty/lying from the innocent/truthful - 7"lie detection" control question techniqueCQT is based on the idea: the "guilty" are more afraid of being caught than the "innocent" and their physiological arousal tells the "truth"
- 8CQT: control questions"have you ever been in jail before?"
-are not directly related to the crime and are supposed to evoke weak physiological responses - 9CQT: crime relevant questions(eg did you kill the man?)
could incriminate the subject and are supposed to evoke strong physiological arousal - 10control question techniquecompare "spikes" to your normal state
ask question that the answer is known to :) - 11"Lie Detection" Control Question Technique-despite being widely used by multiple law enforcement and government institutions, many researchers questions CQT's reliability
-no specific physiological response for "guilt" or "lying" exists
-PHysiological response cannot differentiate from "fear", "elation", "excitation" - 12CriticsmsNervous people may have larger physiological responses than the normal person, CQT may convict because nervous
- 13Psychopathsmay escape conviction
-boldness: low fear
-dis-inhibition: poor impulse control
-meanness: lack of empathy
(weak physical reactions) - 14"Lie detection" Control Question Technique (CQT)professionals who do polygraps claim 95% accuracy, yet this is a sweeping overestimate because many of the "positives" i.e. guilty responses. including innocent people confessing to crimes they did not commit
-65% better estimate
-most people do not want their freedom to depend on it - 15alternative to the CQTguilty knowledge test (GKT)
- 16GKTassesses one's recognition memory via an event-related potential, the P300
-the P300 is a CNS measure of stimulus recognition
-"guilty knowledge": murder weapon, location of murder, body parts where the victim would have been wounded, etc. -only stimulus that a guilty person would of known - 17GKT probes chart
- 18chest, knife, bedroom
- 19GKT "guilty knowledge"for 2/3 of knowledge, had higher P300 levels
-an innocent person would have little to no recognition of crime stimuli, and therefor have small P300 levels - 20Government institutions use CQTconvictions by way of confessions
-probably why CQT is not admissible in court, but confessions are --invalid technique that produces results
-future in lie detection-- CQT must be abandoned - 21—