Karteikarten
19th Century Medicine Through Time
Karten in diesem Stapel (19)
- 1What was Spontaneous Generation?The idea that decay caused germs to spontaneously appear
- 2Who was Louis Pasteur?Investigated the beer industry - found bacteria caused the beer to go sour led to Pasteurisation
Looked at silk worms - linked disease to bacteria
Developed the Germ Theory - 3When was the Germ TheoryLouis Pasteur first published his Germ Theory in 1861
- 4Pasteur was interested in sheep. Discuss.Injected 50 with weakened anthrax and left 50 alone. Injected all 100 with full strength Anthrax. The 50 vaccinated sheep died.
- 5Pasteur also experimented on Chickens. Why?His lab assistant left out a dish of Chicken Cholera. Went on holiday. It was exposed to air, killed the live bacteria, when injected into chickens they were fine. Then gave them full strength Cholera. They were fine.
- 6How did Robert Koch develop Louis Pasteur's Germ Theory?Stained bacteria
Identifies bacteria causing TB and Cholera
Grow cultures using potatoes and agar jelly
Pioneered team investigations - 7What were the problems of surgery in 1800?Bleeding
Pain
Infection - 8Who was Joseph Lister?Carbolic Spray
Carbolic Acid
Sterilisation of tools
Reducing the death rate - 9Why did people oppose the use of Carbolic Spray?Cracked hands
Smelt strongly
Got everywhere
Lister was cold and aloof
Kept changing his methods - 10What is aseptic surgery?Totally clean environment
- 11When did James Simpson discover chloroform?1847
- 12What was used for anaesthetic before the 1840s?Laughing Gas (Humphrey Davy discovered this by accident)
Ether used by Horace Wells to extract teeth
WIlliam Morton found that Ether was a long lasting anaesthetic
Robert Liston used ether to amputate a leg
Opium - 13What decade did Joseph Lister develop his theories?1870s
- 14Why did people oppose chloroform?Surgeons liked to hear their patients scream
Using it in childbirth was unnatural
Hannah Greener died in 1848 after having a toenail removed
Didn't know the dosage
new and not fully understood - 15What was the Black Period of Surgery?While a patient was asleep doctors could go further into the body/have a rummage around. This led to infections increasing and the death rate increased
- 16What was nursing like before 1800?nurses were often drunk
they were untrained
low paid
long hours
poor care
hospitals filthy - 17Florence Nightingalewent to the Crimea and created a clean hospital in Scutari
Pioneered modern nursing - trained nurses, hygienic conditions, sets up nursing school, nursing books - 18Mary SeacoleJamaican
Mum was a healer
Set up the British Hotel in the Crimea provided medical care and rest
Nursed on the battlefield
treated both British and Russians - 19Why were blood transfusions unsuccessful before 1900?Identification of blood groups
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- Key developments in medicine in the 19th century
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