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Excretory System Syllabus Flashcards
Karten in diesem Stapel (19)
- 1Define ExcretionThe removal of wastes resulting from metabolic processes in cells
- 2Describe how each of the excretory organs remove wastesLungs - CO2 and H2O
Skin - sweat salts, urea, lactic acid
Liver - processes substances before excretion (e.g. deamination to urea)
Alimentary Canal - bile pigments from haemoglobin on erythrocytes
Kidneys - water, urea, uric acid, creatinine - 3Describe the livers involvement in breaking down proteinDeamination:
Excess proteins not stored in body because they are toxic to cells
Broken down into amino acids instead
Deamination is the stripping of nitrogen from amino acids and nitrogen bases (RNA) - 4Define deaminationThe stripping of nitrogen from amino acids and nitrogen bases
- 5Equation for deaminationAmino acid --> ammonia
- 6Equation for breakdown of ammonia into ureaAmmonia + CO2 --> urea + water
- 7Draw and label a diagram of the kidney. Describe the function of eachSee page 125
- 8Draw and label a diagram of a nephronSee page 125
- 9Describe glomerular filtrationWhen blood enters the glomerulus, high pressure from the change in diameter of the afferent and efferent arterioles, forces water and dissolved blood components through the deferentially permeable cell membranes and into the glomerular capsule.
- 10List the substances that are filtered in glomerular filtrationurea
water
glucose
amino acids
vitamins
salts (mainly sodium & chlorine) - 11Describe selective reabsorptionOccurs because some substances are needed by the cell so they should not be excreted. Substances are reabsorbed back into the blood and taken to the cells that need them
- 12List the substances involved in selective reabsorption and where they are reabsobedProximal Convolute Tubule -
Water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, salts (mainly sodium and chlorine)
Loop of Henle -
Salts (mainly sodium and chlorine)
Distal Convolute Tubule -
Water
Collecting Duct -
Urine = water, urea, salts - 13Describe Tubular SecretionThe adding of materials to the filtrate from the blood. Removes certain unwanted materials from the body and controls pH of blood. Water and other substances that are not reabsorbed drain from collecting ducts and into the renal pelvis. Urine drains from pelvis into ureters and pushed to urinary bladder where it is stored.
- 14List the substances that are secreted from blood to urine during tubular secretionAmmonium
Urea
Creatinine
Hydrogen
Potassium
Drugs
Neurotransmitters - 15List the composition of urine~ 95% water
~ 5% other solutes (including: organic molecules e.g. urea, creatinine and uric acid), ions (mainly sodium and chloride ions) and other metabolic wastes. - 16Describe the causes of kidney stonesFormed when solid crystals build up inside kidneys. Usually form when urine is too concentrated. May be caused by insufficient fluids in diet. If crystals are small enough they can pass down the ureter and out of the blood through the urethra without being noticed. Crystals can combine to make stones. Large stones can get stuck in ureter, bladder or urethra, causing pain.
- 17Describe lifestyle measures that could maintain healthy kidneysRegulate diet to keep healthy weight - Overweight can cause diabetes and high blood pressure - major factors for kidney disease.
Do not smoke - three times more likely to have impaired kidney function if smoke
Drink water instead of sugary drinks
Do not use performance enhancing drugs - may upset water balance in body. Can cause scaring and failure. - 18Describe peritoneal dialysisPeritoneum is a membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity and covers organs such as the stomach, liver and intestines. Very rich blood supply.
Peritoneal dialysis occurs inside body using the peritoneum as a membrane where wastes can be removed. A catheter is placed through the wall of the abdominal cavity. Useful substances stay in blood. Fluid that was placed in abdominal cavity is is drained out through the catheter, along with any wastes and extra water that have diffused from blood. Usually done every day. - 19Describe HaemodialysisPassing blood through an artificial kidney or dialysis machine. Blood passes through thousands of fine tubes, made of a differentially permeable membrane and immersed in a bath of fluid. Concentrations of fluid are similar to those in the blood, except the fluid has no waste. The concentration difference causes wastes to diffuse from the blood into the fluid. 4-5 hours attached to a machine. 3 times a week
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- Beschreibung
- Flashcards for the Excretory System in Human Biology Units 1.4 - Year 11
- Erstellt von
- Hayden McElduff · Mai 2016
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- 18 Feb 2017
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