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Virology

Michelle Beermann VM 607 Final Englisch 5,0Durchschnittliche Bewertung 5,0 von 5 (1 Bewertung) 81 Karten

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  1. 1CoronavirusesEnveloped with S protein projections
    ss (+) RNA virus
    Very large genome
    FECoV, CCoV, TGEV, PRCV, PEDV, SDC, IBV, BCoV, SARS, MERS
  2. 2FECoVFeline Enteric Coronavirus
    diarrhea
    Type II serotype is recombinant with CCoV
    Cell tropism: respiratory epithelium and enterocytes
  3. 3FIPPoint mutation of FECoV results in FIP
    Cell tropism: macrophages and monocytes
    Wet (T 3 HST): Weak CMI, strong humoral
    Dry (T 4 HST): Partial CMI response , humoral immunity
  4. 4TGEVTransmissible gastroenteritis virus (coronavirus)
    Pigs
    Villous atrophy
    Diarrhea
    Secretory IgA important (oral vx, passive immunity)
  5. 5PRCVPorcine Respiratory Coronavirus (PRCV)
    Mutation (Deletion) of TGEV
    Cell tropism: respiratory epithelium and alveolar macrophages
    Cross protection against TGEV
  6. 6Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)Coronavirus
    "Gasping disease"
    Exudate in respiratory tract
  7. 7BCoVBovine Coronavirus
    3 manifestations:
    Neonate diarrhea
    Winter dysentery
    Respiratory disease
  8. 8Orthomyxoviridae(Influenza)
    Enveloped
    ss (-) RNA virus
    8 segments
  9. 9Sialic acids and receptor preferenceBirds: 2,3 linkages
    Humans: 2,6 linkages (2,3 in lower resp.)
    Pigs: both 2,3 and 2,6 (pigs are a "mixing vessel")
  10. 10Influenza envelope glycoproteinsHA (hemagglutinin) and NA (neuraminidase)
    18 H types
    11N types
  11. 11Influenza virus entry/uncoating1) HA binds sialic receptor (receptor-mediated endocytosis)
    2) Endosomal pH is low, protons pumped through ion channel it the virus
    3) change in pH causes cleavage of HA into HA1 and HA2
    4) Cleavage exposes the hydrophobic portion (fusion peptide)
    5) Fusion peptide fuses with the endosomal membrane
    6) inner components (RNP) of virus released
  12. 12Influenza: HA proteinThe most important pathogenic determinant
    *determines cell tropism
    *determines host spp.
  13. 13Antigenic driftNon-lethal point mutations accumulate by nucleotide substitutions
    -Frequently in theHA gene
    -Accumulation of mutations within one serotype
    -Changes is epitopes -->Escape from neutralization--> recurrent infections
  14. 14Antigenic shiftGenome segment exchange
    *Co-infection resulting in genetic reassortment
    Explains seasonal epidemics and flu vaccine updates
  15. 15Avian influenzas found in humansH5N1, H7N9, H9N2
  16. 16Circulating types of influenza A found in humansH1N1 and H3N2
  17. 17Immune response to influenzaNot cross protective
    CMI: important for recovery and limiting further spread
    Humoral: short duration of Ab; problems with Ag shift/drift
  18. 18Influenza: spreadVirus enters respiratory epithelium
    Apical release --> re-entry = Local spread
    Basal release --> L. nodes= systemic spread
  19. 19SIVSwine Influenza virus
    Circulating: H1N1 and H3N2
    Do not usually infect humans
  20. 20AIVAvian influenza virus
    -HPAI (reportable)
    -LPAI
  21. 21LPAILow Path. Avian Influenza
    Localized infection
    Usually only mild signs
  22. 22HPAIHigh Path. Avian Influenza
    (reportable)
    "Fowl Plague"= H5N1
    H5 or H7 serotypes
    Systemic
    Acute respiratory disease and severe generalized disease
    Resp. distress, diarrhea, edema of head
  23. 23EIVEquine influenza Virus
    H7N7 (equine 1) and H3N8 (equine 2)
    Only H3N8 circulating
    Endemic in US
    Flu-like signs (fever, cough, runny nose, sore muscles)
    Diff: EHV-4, EAV, equine rhinovirus
  24. 24CIVCanine Influenza Virus
    H3N8 equine virus
    Cough, runny nose, fever
    No disease in humans
  25. 25ArterivirusesEnveloped
    ss (+) RNA virus
    Large genome
    Cell tropism: monocytes/macrophages
  26. 26EAVEquine Arteritis Virus (Arterivirus)
    Subclinical to acute febrile disease (flu-like)
    Abortion in pregnant mares
    Stallions are carriers, shed virus in semen
  27. 27EAV: tissue tropismPrimary replication in alveolar macrophages
    --> viremia -->
    Monocytes of arterioles --> vasculitis, edema, hemorrhage
  28. 28EAV: TransmissionRespiratory
    Venereal
  29. 29PRRSVPorcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Arterivirus)
    c/s: stillborn/abortion; blue ears (cyanosis); interstitial pneumonia; "thumping"
    High morbidity and mortality
  30. 30PRRSV: tropismPorcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) --> infects L. nodes --> viremia
  31. 31PRRSV: transmissionHorizontal: respiratory, fecal/oral, direct contact
    Vertical: transplacental, semen, AI
  32. 32BunyavirusesEnveloped
    ss (-) RNA virus
    3 segments
    arboviruses (except Hantavirus = rodents)
  33. 33HantavirusBunyavirus
    reservoir: rodents
    Zoonotic
    2 forms in humans:
    -Hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome (HFRS)
    -Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
  34. 34Rift Valley Fever VirusBunyavirus
    Foreign
    Sheep and Cattle (abortion, fever, epistaxis, acute death)
  35. 35Cache Valley DiseaseBunyavirus
    Mosquito borne
    Sheep
    Neuro-invasive
    Teratogenic (arthogyrposis)
  36. 36Schmallenberg Virus (SBV)Bunyavirus
    Foreign
    Sheep, goats, cattle
    Teratogenic
    Transmitted by biting midges
  37. 37Order: Mononegaviralesss (-) RNA viruses
    -Paramyxoviruses
    -Filoviruses
    -Rhabdoviruses
  38. 38ParamyxovirusesEnveloped
    Pleomorphic
    ss (-) RNA
    Helical nucleocapsid
  39. 39Paramyxovirus: RNPRibonucleoprotein complex
    N (nucleocapsid) + L (polymerase) + P (phosphoprotein)
    RNP released into genome directly (No endosome) - uncoating at cell membrane
  40. 40OrthomyxoviridaeInfluenza virus
  41. 41Paramyxovirus membrane proteinsHN (hemagluttinin-neuraminidase)
    F (fusion protein)
  42. 42Paramyxovirus: HNHemagluttinin-neuraminidase
    Receptor determinant (triggers fusion)
    Binds to receptor on cell membrane
  43. 43Paramyxovirus: F proteinFusion protein induces fusion of the viral and cell membrane
    ***Major determinant of virulence***
    When HN binds to receptor, the conformation of F0 changes (cleaved into F1 and F2) --> exposes hydrophobic sequence
  44. 44Paramyxovirus: syncytia formationInfected cell fuses with uninfected cells to form one multinucleated cell
    (via same fusion mechanism as entry/uncoating)
    Virus can disseminated from cell to cell w/o receptors
  45. 45Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)Paramyxovirus
    1 serotype, 3 pathotypes
    Avian pneumovirus
    Pneumotropic and enterotropic
  46. 46NDV: Lentogenic strainPneumotropic pathotype of newcastle disease virus (Paramyxo.)
    Subclinical to mild disease
    Source for vaccines
  47. 47NDV: Mesogenic strainPneumotropic pathotype of newcastle disease virus (Paramyxo.)
    Intermediate virulence, low to moderate mortality
  48. 48NDV: Velogenic strainEnterotropic pathotype of newcastle disease virus (paramyxo.)
    REPORTABLE
    Exotic Newcastle disease (END)
    Respiratory, GI, and neuro signs (necrosis)
    -edema of head
    -torticollis
  49. 49CDVCanine Distemper Virus
    (Paramyxo.)
    **Immune status of animal determines disease progression
  50. 50CDV: Clinical signsFever
    Ocular/nasal discharge
    Anorexia
    **Thrombocytopenia
    **Leukopenia
    Hyperkeratosis
    CNS involvement (*Old dog encephalitis)
  51. 51CDV: pathogenesis2 days post exposure: replicates in bronchial L.nodes and tonsils
    4 days: in mononuclear cells of L.nodes, GI, respiratory tracts
    7-9 days: Epithelial cells
    9+ days: CNS
  52. 52CDV: diagnosisInclusion bodies in cytoplasm and nucleus
  53. 53CDV: transmissionVirus shed in nasal and ocular secretions, excreted in urine and feces
  54. 54CDV: vaccinationMLV
    1st @ 8 weeks age
    2nd @12-16 weeks
  55. 55BRSVBovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
    (Paramyxo.)
    Acute lower respiratory Tract infection
    Pneumonia in calves
  56. 56PI-3Bovine Parainfluenza Type 3 Virus (Paramyxo.)
    SHIPPING FEVER polymicrobial infection agent
    More of an upper respiratory disease
  57. 57PI-3 Transmission and tropismAerosols
    Targets epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and alveolar cells
  58. 58PI-2Canine Parainfluenza Type 2 Virus (Paramyxo.)
    KENNEL COUGH (infectious tracheobronchitis) organism
    Localized in upper respiratory tract
  59. 59RinderpestParamyxovirus
    Reportable
    Foreign
    Eradicated
  60. 60MorbillivirusParamyxovirus
    Marine mammals
  61. 61Hendra virusParamyxovirus
    High mortality in horses and humans
    Respiratory illness
    Zoonotic (but not dogs, rodents, or chickens)
  62. 62Nipah virusParamyxovirus
    Encephalitis in humans
    Respiratory disease in pigs
    Reservoir: flying foxes
  63. 63RhabdovirusesEnveloped
    ss (-) RNA
    Bullet shape
    1 serotype
    8 ecotypes
    5 varients depending on N protein Monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactivity patterns
  64. 64Rhabdovirus: surface proteinG protein (neutralizing protein -- used for vaccines)
    plays role in pathogenicity and inducing immune response
  65. 65RabiesRhabdovirus
    All warm-blooded animals
    Severe, usually fatal disease of CNS
    Incubation 1-3 months
  66. 66Rabies: clinical signs1. Prodromal stage: minor behavior changes, clinical signs not obvious
    2. Furious stage: severe agitaiton, aggression, loss of fear, convulsions, death
    3. Paralytic (dumb) stage: unable to swallow, frothing, hindlimb paralysis
  67. 67Rabies: diagnosisNO VIREMIA
    Negri bodies- cytoplasmic inclusions bodies - may be present in neurons in brain
  68. 68Rabies: replicationPrimary replication: at site of entry (non-neural tissue)
    Secondary replication: invades nerve endings through acetylcholine receptors in neurons and spreads to CNS
  69. 69VSVVesicular Stomatitis Virus (Rhabdovirus)
    Acute febrile disease of horses, cattle, swine
    Vesicles in oral mucosa/ tongue
    REPORTABLE
  70. 70VSV: transmissionVesicular Stomatitis Virus
    (Rhabdovirus)
    Direct contact (saliva); insects (mosquitos, sandflies)
  71. 71ReovirusesREO- virus (Respirator Enteric Orphan virus)
    Non-enveloped
    ds RNA virus
    11 segments
    Wheel-like
  72. 72Reovirus: proteins3 layers
    1. Outer capsid: VP7, VP4 (evokes neutralizing Ab)
    2. Inner capsid: VP6 (strong immunogen)
    3. Core: VP1, VP2, VP3
  73. 73Reovirus: SerotypesP: minor neutralization
    VP4
    Proteolytically cleaved
    G: major neutralization
    VP7
    Glycoprotein
  74. 74Reovirus: SerogroupsDetermined by VP6
    Group: A most prevalent and clinically important
    Group B: humans
    Groups C and E: swine
    Groups D and F: fowl
  75. 75BirnavirusesBi-RNA-viruses
    Non-enveloped
    ds RNA virus
    2 segments
  76. 76RotavirusReovirus
    Diarrhea in various spp.
    Most common cause of diarrhea in calves and lambs
    *Time diarrhea occurs is dependent on immune status of mother and absorption of colostral Abs
  77. 77Rotavirus: cell tropismenters columnar epithelial cells a the apical half of intestinal villi
    Jejunum and ileum
  78. 78Rotavirus: enterotoxinNSP4 enterotoxin increases intracellular [Ca2+] and Cl- secretion from crypt cells --> secretory diarrhea
  79. 79BTVBluetongue Virus (Reovirus)
    Sheep and Deer mostly
    Arbovirus (biting midges)
    Edema, hemorrhage, and mucosal ulceration throughout the body
    Similar to Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease
  80. 80Infectious bursal disease(Birnavirus)
    Prolonged immunosuppression in chickens
    Replicates in dividing, pre-lymphocytes in cloacal bursa (swollen and hemorrhagic)
    B cell deficiency
    Petechial hemorrhage in leg and thigh
  81. 81Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus(Birnavirus)
    Disease of salmonid fish less than 6 mo.
    High mortality
    Petechial hemorrhage within pyloric and pancreatic tissues

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Beschreibung
VM 607 Final Karteikarten am Virology, erstellt von Michelle Beermann am 14/12/2016.
Erstellt von
Michelle Beermann
Aufrufe
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Bewertung
Durchschnittliche Bewertung 5,0 von 5 (1 Bewertung)

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