Karteikarten
Large Animal Digestive Tract - Ruminant
Karten in diesem Stapel (49)
- 1What is the order of the ruminent stomachs?Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum
- 2What epithelium makes up the rumen?Keratinised stratified squamous
- 3Where in the abdomen does the rumen lie?Left side of the abdominal cavity
- 4The rumen displaces all other organs to the right except for which three?Spleen, Reticulum (cranially) and the Abomasum (cranially)
- 5What are the 'sacs' of the rumen?Dorsal sac, Ventral sac, Caudo-Dorsal blind sac, Caudo-Ventral blind sac
- 6What divides the rumen into its relative sacs?Left and Right Longitudinal Grooves
Dorsal Coronary Grooves
Caudal Groove
Ventral Coronary Grooves
Cranial Groove - 7What internal structures mirror the external grooves of the rumen?Internal folds and pillars
- 8What separates the rumen from the reticulum?Rumenoreticular fold
- 9Where in the abdomen does the reticulum lie?Cranioventrally, pressed against diaphragm
- 10What is traumatic reticulitis?Penetration of the reticular wall by sharp ingested objects (may lead to piercing of the diaphragm/pericardium)
- 11What makes the internal surface of the reticulum recognisable?the 'honeycomb' structure
- 12Where in the abdomen does the Omasum lie?on the right between the rumen/reticulum and the liver/body wall
- 13From what feature does the term 'the Bible' derive from as applied to naming the Omasum?interior leaves (like a book)
- 14Absorption of what substance takes place in the Omasum?water absorption (works to separate food and water)
- 15What processes are carried out in the Abomasum?Normal Digestive Processes of Chemical Digestion
- 16Where in the abdomen does the Abomasum lie?mainly to the right of the rumen but can be easily displaced pathologically
- 17Describe the distribution of papilla within the Rumen.There are more papilla on the ventral sac than the dorsal sac as the dorsal sac is filled mainly with gas and the ventral sac is filled with heavier substances
- 18What is the oesophageal groove?Two twisted lips on the wall of the reticulum and lesser curvature of the omasum
- 19As a young animal, what is the function of the oesophageal groove?allows milk to bypass the forestomachs and go straight into the abomasum (milk would damage rumen development)
- 20What stimulates closure of the Oesophageal Groove?feeding of milk as a young animals or via a Vagal Reflex as adults when fed Copper Sulfate
- 21What is the primary artery supplying blood to the stomachs?Coeliac Artery
- 22Which branches of the coeliac artery follow the lesser curvature of the Abomasum?Right and Left Gastric Arteries
- 23Which branches of the coeliac artery follow the greater curvature of the Abomasum?Right and Left Gastroepiploic Arteries
- 24Which branches of the coeliac artery follow the longitudinal grooves of the rumen?Right and Left Ruminal Arteries
- 25How is the ruminant stomach blood drained?Venous drainage mirrors arteries and drain via the splenic vein into the portal vein
- 26What is involved in the parasympathetic innervation of the ruminant stomachs?Dorsal Vagus nerve innervates the rumen
Ventral Vagus innervates the reticulum, omasum and abomasum - 27What is involved in the Sympathetic innervation of the ruminant stomachs?Coeliac Plexus with a similar route to that of arteries
- 28What is attached to the Greater Omentum?greater curvature of abomasum, right and left longitudinal grooves, reticulum and duodenum
- 29What is attached to the Lesser Omentum?lesser curvature of the abomasum, porta of the liver, greater curvature of the omasum
- 30Where does the superficial wall of the greater omentum originate from?Left Longitudinal Groove
- 31Where does the deep wall of the greater omentum originate from/Right Longitudinal Groove
- 32What is formed by the walls of the Greater Omentum?Omental Bursa
- 33What is seen when looking at the RHS of the abdomen?Descending Duodenum and Greater Omentum
- 34Reflecting the Greater Omentum which way allows what other viscera to be seen on the RHS?Cranially
Ascending Colon
Caecum
Jejunoileum - 35What is the cranial border of the Greater Omentum attached to?Mesoduodenum
- 36How is the ileum attached to the Caecum?Ileocecal fold
- 37Which abdominal viscera is the Jejunum suspended from?Spiral Ascending Colon
- 38What is the position of the Caecum within the abdomen?dorsal and points caudally in right pelvic inlet
- 39What are the three divisions of the ascending colon?Proximal (sigmoid) loop
Spiral loop
Distal loop - 40What are two common surgical approaches in cattle for accessing the abdomen?Paralumbar incision
Paracostal incision - 41What is a Dermatome?area of the skin which each spinal nerve innervates
- 42Why must more than one spinal nerve be blocked for abdominal surgery?Dermatomes overlap
- 43In the abdomen, how are Dermatomes named?named after the spinal nerve and so after the vertebra immediately cranial to it
- 44What does Paravertebral anaesthesia do?Blocks sensory and motor innervation of the flank/peritoneum by anaesthetising dorsal and ventral branches of spinal nerves
- 45What spinal nerve would need to be blocked for operate in the Paralumbar Fossa region?T13
- 46Which spinal nerves would need to be blocked to carry out a Rumenotomy?T13, L1, L2
- 47Which spinal nerves would need to be blocked before carrying out a Caesarian?L1, L2
- 48Which spinal nerves would need to be blocked to operate on the udder?L2, L3, L4
- 49Describe the technique used to carry out Paravertebral anaesthesia.Insert long needle over transverse process until it reaches the bone.
'Walk off' process cranially or caudally.
First injection to block dorsal ramus.
Insert needle more deeply through intratransverse ligament.
Second injection to block ventral ramus.
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- Beschreibung
- Animal Disease 1 Veterinary Medicine Karteikarten am Large Animal Digestive Tract - Ruminant, erstellt von Louise Mason am 23/02/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Louise Mason
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