Karteikarten
Thyroid Gland
Karten in diesem Stapel (39)
- 1What are the follicles of the thyroid gland filled with?colloid, protein-packed viscous fluid
- 2Where do all steps of thyroid synthesis take place?in the colloid
- 3Where are C cells found within the thyroid gland and what do they produce?found in the connective tissue between follicles and produce calcitronin
- 4What is the basis of TH synthesis?forming linkages between two iodinated molecules of tyrosine to make TH
- 5What is unique about the use of Iodine in thyroid hormone synthesis?the only known use of Iodine in the body
- 6Where does Iodine come from in the body?only ingested via the diet
- 7What is Thyroglobuline?the precursor molecule for TH synthesis, polymer containing Iodine that's stored in the colloid
- 8What are the two products of TH synthesis?T4/ thyroxine
T3 / triiodothyronine - 9Which product of TH synthesis has a more active life physiologically?T3, more active at receptor sites
- 10Why is T4 the major product of TH synthesis?T4 acts as a T3 reservoir
- 11What do the follicular cells do in the first step of TH synthesis?make enzymes and thyroglobulin for the colloid
- 12How does Iodine end up in the cell and what is done to it before it can be used?I- co-transported into the cell (with Na+) and oxidised to atomic Iodine
- 13What is Iodine added to once in the cell?enzymes add Iodine to thyroglobulin to make T3/T4
- 14What must be done for free T3/T4 molecules to be released into the circulation?enzymes separate T3/T4 from the thyroglobulin protein
- 15What are the two options T3/T4 can take once in the blood?Specifically bind to thyroxine-binding globulin
Non-specifically bind to Albumin - 16What integration system regulates thyroid function?Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Thyroid Aixs
- 17What does the hypothalamus release to affect the Anterior Pituitary?releases Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone, makes thyrotroph which acts on Anterior
- 18What is produced by the Anterior Pituitary in response to TRH?Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- 19What is the effect of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone?activates adenylyl cyclase and stimulates thyroid hormone release
- 20What stimulates the release of thyroid hormone?cold, sympathetic activity
- 21What inhibits thyroid hormone release?cortisol, growth hormone
- 22What thyroid gland functions can TSH regulate?iodine uptake, protein synthesis and re-uptake of colloidal thyroglobulin
- 23What type of epithelium is found in an unstimulated thyroid?cuboidal epithelium with colloid-filled follicles
- 24What kind of epithelium is found in a stimulated thyroid?columnar epithelium with collapsed follicles
- 25How does negative feedback work wrt the thyroid gland?if T3/T4 is high, TRH and TSH are suppressed
- 26What two actions does Thyroid Hormone have on the CVS?increased production and use of B1 adrenergic receptors ; regulates long-term sensitivity of cardiac cells
- 27What effect does thyroid hormone have on growth and development?needed for skeletal growth and CNS development
- 28If there is a lack of TH during development, how does this affect reflexes?slower reflexes : damages number of neurones and myelination and reduces the axonal conduction velocity
- 29What effect does TH have on the BMR?increases basal metabolic rate, O2 consumption and heat production
- 30What two molecules does TH stimulate the synthesis of?lipids and enzymes
- 31What action is carried out in target cells due to TH?activates nuclear transcription of many genes and elevates protein synthesis
- 32What is hyperthyroidism?over-production of TH due to a continued stimulation of T3/T4
- 33What are the possible causes of hyperthyroidism?long acting thyroid stimulator, Grave's Disease, possible tumor or problem in the Anterior Pituitary
- 34What are the presentations of Hyperthyroidism?high BMR, weight loss, heat intolerance, restless, increaed HR
- 35How can hyperthyroidism be treated?anti-thyroid drugs, radioactive Iodine
- 36What is hypothyroidism?under-production of TH, continued production of TSH with no feedback control
- 37What may cause hypothyroidism?iodine deficiency, loss of thyroid tissue, error with the Anterior Pituitary
- 38How does hypothyroidism present in patients?low BMR, increased body weight, cold, slow and lethargic, low HR
- 39How can hypothyroidism be treated?using replacement TH
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Animal Disease 1 Veterinary Medicine Karteikarten am Thyroid Gland, erstellt von Louise Mason am 04/05/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Louise Mason
- Aufrufe
- 23
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