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Karteikarten

Ocular Anatomy & Physiology

Ben Harries Veterinary Medicine Englisch 45 Karten

Ocular Anatomy & Physiology

Karten in diesem Stapel (45)

  1. 1—A - Sclera
    B - Limbus
    C - Cornea    A - Sclera B - Limbus C - Cornea
  2. 2—A - Iris
    B - Pupil    A - Iris B - Pupil
  3. 3—A - LensA - Lens
  4. 4—A - Tapetum LucidumA - Tapetum Lucidum
  5. 5—A - retinal point of attachment at optic disc
    B - Nervous layer of retina    A - retinal point of attachment at optic disc B - Nervous layer of retina
  6. 6—A - Ciliary ProcessA - Ciliary Process
  7. 7What structures make up the orbit? What is the adaptation in enclosed orbits?Frontal, lacrimal, zygomatic, sphenoid & palatine bones; completed by the orbital ligament.
    Frontal process of zygomatic bone & zygomatic process of frontal bone meet to enclose orbit.
  8. 8—1 - Dorsal rectus m.
    2 - Lateral rectus m.
    3 - Ventral rectus m.
    4 - Medial rectus m.
    5 - Ventral oblique m.
    6 - Dorsal oblique m.
    7 - Retractor bulbi m.
    8 - Optic nerve    1 - Dorsal rectus m. 2 - Lateral rectus m. 3 - Ventral rectus m. 4 - Medial rectus m. 5 - Ventral oblique m. 6 - Dorsal oblique m. 7 - Re...
  9. 9What muscle rotates the eye upwards?Dorsal rectus
  10. 10What muscle rotates the eye downwards?Ventral rectus
  11. 11What muscle rotates the globe laterally?Lateral rectus
  12. 12What muscle rotates the globe medially?Medial rectus
  13. 13What muscle rotates the dorsal globe medially & ventrally?Dorsal oblique
  14. 14What muscle rotates the ventral globe medially & dorsally?Ventral oblique
  15. 15What muscle retracts the globe into the orbit?Retractor bulbi
  16. 16How is the canthus secured to the bone? How does the dog differ?Canthus on either side secured to the bone by canthal/palpebral ligaments.
    In dog the ligament is absent and function replaced by the retractor anguli m.
  17. 17What muscle contracts to close the eyelids?Orbicularis Oculi m.
  18. 18Name the innervation of the orbicularis oculi m.Facial n. (CN VII)
  19. 19What muscles lift the medial & lateral portions of the upper lid?Medial & lateral retractor anguli oculi m.
  20. 20What muscle is the main elevator of the upper eyelid?Levator palpebrae superioris m.
  21. 21What nerve innervates the medial & lateral retractor anguli oculi m.?Facial n. (CN VII)
  22. 22What nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris m.?Oculomotor n. (CN II)
  23. 23What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the eyelids?Trigeminal n. (CN V)
  24. 24What branches of the trigeminal nerve supply what parts of the eyelid?Ophthalmic branch - innervates most of upper lid & medial part of lower lid
    Maxillary branch - innervates lower lid & joins with ophthalmic to supply lateral portion of upper lid
  25. 25Name the 3 layers of the tear film, their production site and functionLipid layer - produced in meibomian glands; reduces evaporation & creates barrier at lid margin
    Mucin layer - produced by conjunctival goblet cells; stabilises tear film
    Aqueous layer - produced from lacrimal & 3rd eyelid glands; provides lubrication, protection & nutrition to epithelium
  26. 26Name the 3 layers of the globe and their functionFibrous layer - supports eyeball shape
    Uvea - provides nutrition to structures of the eye & alters light transmission
    Neural layer - the retina
  27. 27—A - Epithelium
    B - Bowman's layer
    C - Stroma
    D - Descemet's membrane
    E - Endothelium    A - Epithelium B - Bowman's layer C - Stroma D - Descemet's membrane E - Endothelium
  28. 28What is the function of the cornea?Transmit & reflect light
  29. 29Describe the structure of the anterior epitheliumSquamous on the outside, becomes columnar at base, rests on basement produced by columnar epithelium cells; epithelium linked to middle stroma by fine fibrils
  30. 30Describe the structure of the stromaMain body of the cornea; Consists of collagen fibrils with some keratocytes and a ground substance of proteoglycans & GAGs
  31. 31Give the function of the endotheliumProduces Descemet's membrane and maintains corneal clarity by actively pumping water out of the stroma
  32. 32Describe the structure of the uveaMiddle layer of the globe. Iris & ciliary body form anterior uvea; choroid forms the posterior uvea
  33. 33Give the function of the irisConstricts or dilates to vary amount of light entering posterior chamber of the eye and altering depth of focus
  34. 34Describe the mechanism & innervation of the irisConstrictor muscle of the iris is a smooth muscle sphincter which sits in stroma of pupillary zone; parasympathetic innervation via oculomotor n. (CN II)
  35. 35Describe the structure & function of the ciliary bodyConsists of the ciliary process, ciliary body muscles & forms part of iridocorneal angle. Ciliary body produces aqueous humour, anchors zonular fibres (which suspend the lens) & muscular portion enables lens accomodation
  36. 36What makes up the iridocorneal angle and what is it function?Where the root of the iris, the anterior ciliary body & corneoscleral junction meet. Main site of drainage of aqueous humour.
  37. 37Describe the layers of the choroidSuprachoroidea - forms transition between sclera & choroid
    Large vessel layer - contains vascular plexus mainly consisting of veins which coalesce to form the cortex veins
    Medium vessel layer - contains vessels & tapteum lucidum (fibrous in herbivores, cellular in carnivores)
    Choriocacapillaris - innermost layer of vessels, consists of fenestrated capillaries which supply the retina
  38. 38What is the function of aqueous humour?Provide nutrition to the lens & cornea
  39. 39How is aqueous humour produced?Diffusion - solutes down conc. gradient into aqueous
    Ultrafiltration - occurs due to differences in hydrostatic pressure in ciliary body, capillaries & IOP
    Active secretion - active transport of Na by non-pigmented ciliary epithelium into aqueous which brings water across too
  40. 40Where does the aqueous drain from?Iridocorneal angle - majority through pectinate ligament & ciliary cleft of ICA and then via aqueous plexus to the scleral venous circulation
  41. 41Where is the vitreous humour found?Fills posterior segment of globe
  42. 42What is the function of vitreous humour?Transmits light & lends physical support to the globe; also storage of nutrients & waste products for the retina
  43. 43What is the function of the lens?Focus light on the retina
  44. 44What structures are visible in the fundus?Optic disc, retina, RPE & sometimes the sclera
  45. 45Give the differences between cone & rod photoreceptorsCone - enable colour vision & sharp acuity
    Rod - enable vision of shape & motion

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Beschreibung
Veterinary Medicine (NSF) Karteikarten am Ocular Anatomy & Physiology, erstellt von Ben Harries am 10/08/2017.
Erstellt von
Ben Harries · Aug 2017
Aktualisiert
6 Apr 2018
Aufrufe
15
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