Joints

Joints

1. Structural Classification

   • synovial
     • separated by joint cavity, lubricated w/ syn fluid, enclosed in fibrous joint capsule
       • EX: shoulder, elbow, knee, carpal. hip, etc
     • synovial fluid: viscous fluid produced by syn. membrane
       • joint capsule: CT
         • articular cartilage: hyaline cart. covering of bones
           • meniscus: pads of fibrocartilage to guide bones
       • Bursa: fluid filled sacs - cushion muscles
         • tendons: dense regular CT
           • ligaments: dense reg. CT
   • fibrous
     • held together by collagenous fibers extending from matrix of one bone into matrix of next, no bone cavity
       • EX: skull sutures, teeth, tibiofibular
   • cartilaginous
     • bones held together by cartilage, no joint cavity
       • EX: costosternal, pubic, intervertebral

2. Functional Classification

   • Diarthroses
     • freely movable synovial joints
       • EX: shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, knee
   • Amphiarthroses
     • slightly moveable joints
       • EX: intervertebral discos, pubic, tibiofibular
   • Synarthroses
     • joints w/ little or no mvmt.
       • EX : skull sutures, teeth, epiphyseal plates

3. TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

   • ball & socket
     • shoulder
   • pivot
     • radial ulnar
   • saddle
     • base of hand w/ fingers
   • hinge
     • basic elbow mvt.
   • plane
     • intercarpal
   • condylar
     • between fingers

4. types of LEVERs

   • 1st CLASS
     • seesaw
       • head nodd
   • 2nd Class
     • wheelbarrow
       • toe lifts
   • 3rd Class
     • rowing
       • flexing