LEARNING THEORIES

LEARNING THEORIES

1. Behaviorism

   • Behaviorism refers to a psychological approach which emphasizes scientific and objective methods of investigation. The approach is only concerned with observable stimulus-response behaviors, and states all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment.
   • Pavlov
     • Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist best known in psychology for his discovery of classical conditioning. During his studies on the digestive systems of dogs, Pavlov noted that the animals salivated naturally upon the presentation of food. However, he also noted that the animals began to salivate whenever they saw the white lab coat of an experimental assistant. It was through this observation that Pavlov discovered that by associating the presentation of food with the lab assistant, a conditioned response occurred.
   • Skinner
     • B. F. Skinner was one of the most influential of American psychologists. A behaviorist, he developed the theory of operant conditioning -- the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur again.

2. Cognitivism

   • Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) Lev Vygotsky was an early 20th century developmental psychologist who developed a sociocultural theory of child development designed to account for the influence of culture on a child's growth and development.
   • Piaget
     • Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget, (born August 9, 1896, Neuchâtel, Switzerland—died September 16, 1980, Geneva), Swiss psychologist who was the first to make a systematic study of the acquisition of understanding in children. He is thought by many to have been the major figure in 20th-century developmental psychology.

3. Social Contructivism

   • Social constructivism is a sociological theory of knowledge according to which human development issocially situated and knowledge is constructed through interaction with others.
   • Vygotsky
     • Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) Lev Vygotsky was an early 20th century developmental psychologist who developed a sociocultural theory of child development designed to account for the influence of culture on a child's growth and development.

Bilder und Dateien der Mindmap

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• Learning Theories (Einbetten)
• Pavlov's Dog - Julia (HQ) (Einbetten)