Joints

Joints

1. Definition

   • Site of meeting of 2 or more bones together

2. Types

   • Fibrous
     • sutures of the skull
     • syndesmosis
     • gomphosis
   • Cartilaginous
     • primary
       • hyaline
       • no movement
       • ossify with age
     • secondary
       • white fibrocartilage
       • limited movement
       • ossify rarely
   • synovial
     • according to shape
       • plane
       • ball and socket
         • shoulder joint
     • according to axes
     • according to number of articulating bones

3. anatomy of shoulder

   • bones
     • clavicle
     • scapula
     • humerus
   • joints
     • sternoclavicular
     • acromioclavicular
     • glenohumeral
     • scapulothoracic
   • muscles
     • deltoid
     • lattismus dorsi
     • pectoralis major and minor
     • subclavius
     • Rotator cuff muscles
       • supraspinatus
       • infraspinatus
       • teres minor
       • subscapularis
       • subacromial pinching syndrome
         • shoulder impingement syndrome
         • compression of tendons
         • causes
           • repititive use
           • tears
         • signs and symptoms
           • muscle weakness
           • pain
           • instability
         • Also called " swimmer's shoulder "
   • ligaments
     • coracoclavicular
     • coracoacromial
     • coracohumeral
     • glenohumeral

4. common athletic injuries

   • strains
     • injuries to muscle
     • hamstring strain
     • groin strain
   • sprains
     • injuries to ligaments
   • plantar fasciitis
   • tennis elbow/golfer's elbow
   • fractures
   • types of pain
     • duration
       • acute
       • chronic
     • neuropathic
     • psychogenic
     • nociceptive
       • visceral
       • somatic
     • MSK pain
       • causes
         • arthritis
         • osteoporosis
         • infections
       • types
         • bone pain
           • dull
           • sharp
           • stabbing
         • tendon pain
           • sharp
         • joint pain
           • aching
   • painful shoulders
     • physical examination and investigations
       • general inspection
         • symmetry
         • 4 positions
         • skin
         • muscles and bones
       • palpation
       • movements
         • flexion/extension
         • adduction/abduction
         • internal/external rotation
         • circumduction
       • blood tests
       • Xrays, CT scan, MRI
       • special tests
         • Neer test
         • Hawkins test
     • management
       • RICE
         • Rest
         • ICE
         • Compress
         • Elevation
       • Isometric > concentric > eccentric contractions
     • complication
       • soft tissue, nerve or blood vessel damage
       • recurring dislocations
       • rotator cuff injuries
     • causes
       • fracture
       • dislocation
       • bursitis
       • frozen shoulder
   • sports medicine
     • physical fitness and the treatment and prevention of injuries
     • who is involved?
       • family doctor
       • chiropractor
       • massage therapist
       • certified strength and conditioning specialist
   • Psychological effects
     • negative self-talk
     • uncontrollable intrusive and negative thoughts
     • Inability to concentrate
     • Burnout
       • long-term stress reaction
       • constant emotional exhaustion
       • Stages
         • honeymoon phase
         • onset of stress
         • chronic stress
         • burnout
         • habitual burnout