ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1. Details:

   • Innate vs Adaptive
   • Non-specific vs Specific
   • Immunological memory is not stored vs Immunological memory is stored

2. 1. Development of T and B cells

   • Lymphocyte: T cells( thymus ), B cells( bone marrow )
   • Have surface markers/receptors: 1. bind to receptors on other cells 2. Bind to antigens 3. Transmit and receive messages
   • Common receptor: 1. MHC 2. CD 3. Antigen-specific receptors
   • MHC class: Class I, Class II (the focus), Class III
   • CD Molecules: CD4 for Class II, CD8 for Class I
   • Clonal Deletion

3. 2. Presentation of antigens

   • Happen in secondary lymphoid organ
   • Antigens is substance that provoke immune response
   • Have epitope- antigenic determinant site
   • Combination factors: size, complexity, foreigness
   • APC's: macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells
   • T cells- T receptors (TCR)
   • B cells- immunoglobulins (Ig) / antibodies: Ig G, Ig A, Ig M, Ig E, Ig D

4. T-cell response

   • differentiation: 1. subtypes of T helper cells (Th), 2. memory T cells, 3. regulatory T cells, 4. cytotoxic T cells
   • CD 8: cytotoxic T cells attack * infected host * cancerous host cells * foreign cells from outside
   • CD 4: helper T cells stimulate or activate other cells * macrophage * B cells * T cells

5. B-cell response

   • T-independent cells activation ( just small amount)
   • Differentiation: memory B cells, neutralisation, antitoxin action

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