Social Studies Trimester 2 Short Answer

Social Studies Trimester 2 Short Answer

1. What were the conditions that led to the rise of labor unions?

   • Long hours Low pay Dangerous Conditions Child Labor

2. What were the arguments made for and against trusts?

   • Against: Reduce Competition No incentive to keep prices low or quality high Too hard for new businesses to start up Trusts had too much political influence - bribed politicians
   • Pro: Some business leaders felt that too much competition ruined businesses and put people out of work Giant businesses brought lower production costs, lower prices, higher wages, and a better quality of life for workers

3. Explain how Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration.

   • 1. Bought a steel mill 2. Used his profits to buy out a few competitors 3. Bought out iron mines, railroads, steamship companies, warehouses 4. Controlled all phases of the steel making business

4. Explain the difference between vertical and horizontal integration.

   • Vertical - This is what Carnegie did; buying out all phases of the production and selling in one business area Horizontal - This is what the Vanderbilts did; he set out to buy out all competition and force them out of business

5. Explain the Immigration movement into the U.S. during the late 1800s and early 1900s

   • Second wave of immigrants (From Eastern Europe and Asia) Ellis Island was the key entry point Angel Island in the west Immigrants moved into cities into ethnic neighborhoods - worked in factories Cities grew, explosion of culture, but many city problems Tenements Slums Nativists were against immigration Why they came: Push Factors Pull Factors

6. What were some of the things that political bosses did to corrupt city government?

   • Bribe public officials Patronage Influenced immigrant voters Gave poor people food

7. As cities grew, there were a number of problems that plagued them. Explain what some of these problems were and how they were solved.

   • Crime - Police FIre - Firemen Crowding - Tenements, streetcars, skyscrapers Pollution and disease - set up rules where factories could be build New inventions :) (medicines, etc) Dangerous Buildings - Building codes Immigrants in cities - settlement houses

8. Even though the growth of cities caused problems, there was a tremendous explosion of culture. Explain some of the cultural aspects that characterized this time periods in the U.S.

   • Vaudeville and ragtime Sports Literature (dime novels) Leisure Activities Department stores

9. Name two reforms that were made to try to improve the spoils system and regulate big business, in your own words BRIEFLY describe what each one was

   • Sherman Antitrust act Interstate Commerce Commission

10. Describe what happened in the election of 1912.

    • Taft was incumbent (running for reelection) Wilson also ran as a Democrat Roosevelt was angry at Taft for not following TR’s policies so he decided to run again TR - Bull Moose party Taft and Bull Moose split the Republican vote Wilson won an easy victory

11. TR and the Panama Canal

    • Colombia owned Panama Panama wanted independence U.S. wanted a canal across Panama so TR asked Colombia if he could build one Colombia said NO TR offered to support Panama’s rebellion if they agreed to a canal TR helped the rebellion and he got a canal

12. Valeriano Weyler and the Spanish American War

    • General sent by Spain to control the rebellion in CUba Put people in concentration camps Many died Word of atrocities got around to the U.S. and people wanted to get involved Yellow Journalism by Hearst and Pulitzer