History

History

1. Galen

   • Did a pig demonstration
     • Proved brain controls speech - not heart
     • Cut nerves in pig's brain
   • Dissection
     • Human dissection was forbidden
       • Dissected a human in Alexandria
     • Dissected apes so was often incorrect
       • Two jaw bones and one kidney higher than the other (correct about apes not humans)
   • Clinical Observation
     • Observe
     • Record
     • Predict
     • Treat

2. Hippocrates

   • Four Humours
     • Yellow bile
     • Black Bile
     • Blood
     • Phlegm
   • Programme of Health
     • Summer
       • Eat less
       • Drink more
     • Winter
       • Eat more
       • Drink less

3. Islamic Medicine

   • Helped
     • Wrote a medical encyclopedia
     • Studied the medical qualities of over 700 drugs
     • Corrected Galen's work on blood circulation
   • Hindered
     • Human dissection was forbidden
     • Believed the Koran knew everything - didn't discover anything new.
     • Believed theory was better than practical

4. The Black Death

   • Two types of plague
     • Bubonic plague
       • Spread by rats
       • Symptoms
         • Painful swelling (buboes)
         • Lingered for a few days before death
         • Headaches
         • Nausea
         • Oozing pus
     • Pneumonic Plague
       • Spread by sneezing and coughing
       • Symptoms
         • Died quicker than bubonic plague victims
         • Chills
         • Exhausation
         • Sneezing
         • Coughing
   • What people thought caused the plague
     • Bad smells (miasma)
     • Poisonous air
     • Inappropriate clothing/behaviour
     • God and The Devil
     • Evil humours
   • Plague doctors
     • Leather gloves, hat and breeches to make sure the doctor was not in contact with the disease
     • Waxed cloak prevented contact with illness, the layer of wax was to put more layers between the doctor and the plague
     • They had sticks to drive away anyone they believed to be infected
     • The mask had glass in the eye holes so the doctor was still able to see but his eyes were protected
     • Their masks took the shape of a beak as they were stuffed with perfume and spices as plague doctors were strong believers in miasma
   • Things they did to try to stop it
     • Flagellums whipped themselves as a way of getting God to stop the plague
     • Plague victims were locked inside their homes which were then marked with an 'x'
     • Held poses of flowers and spices to their noses
     • Plague victims were buried quickly
     • People ran away
     • Prayed