Protein

Protein

1. Effects of deficiency

   • children will not grow properly and may never reach their full height.
     • the body cannot grow to the height it is meant to be without the right quality and quantity of 'materials' (nutrients) that it needs, including protein
   • they may lose some of their hair
     • hair is made up of protein. people can live without hair, is if there is a deficiency of protein, the body will use any protein it does get for something more important
   • their skin and nails will be in poor condition
     • skin and nails contain protein and if there is a deficienty of protein, they will not be maintained properly and will weaken
   • they will easily develop infections
     • protein is needed for the immune system to protect us from infections. if there is a deficiency of protein, the immune system will weaken and infections will take hold
   • they will not be able to digest any food properly
     • a deficiency of protein causes changes in the digestive system which means various nutrients cannot be absorbed into the body

2. Effects of excess

3. Amount needed per day

   • children
     • 7-10 years
       • 28.3g
     • 1-3 years
       • 14.5g
     • 2-6 years
       • 19.7g
   • teenagers
     • female
       • 11-14 years
         • 41.2g
       • 15-18 years
         • 45.0g
     • male
       • 11-14 years
         • 42.1g
       • 15-18 years
         • 55.2g
   • female adults
     • pregnant women
       • breastfeeding
         • over 4 months
           • an extra 8g
         • up to 4 months
           • an extra 11g
       • an extra 6g
     • 19-50 years
       • 43.0g
     • 50+ years
       • 46.5g
   • male adults
     • 19-50 years
       • 55.0g
     • 50+ years
       • 53.3g

4. Protein alternatives

   • proteins missing 1 or more of the essential amino acids are called Low Biological Value proteins (LBV)
   • Eating a mixture at the same time will provide all the essential amino acids
   • this is called a protein complementation
     • nut butter on toast
     • Lentil soup
     • Beans on toast
     • rice desert set with gelatine
     • rice and bean salad
     • vegetarian tortilla wraps

5. LBV

   • gelatine
   • Nuts
   • Beans
     • Except soya
   • Lentils
   • Peas
   • Cereals

6. HBV

   • Soya beans
   • Meat
   • Eggs
   • Dairy foods
   • Fish
   • Quinoa

7. Functions of proteins

   • To give the body energy
     • the body prefers energy from carbohydrates and fats
   • To make the body grow
     • e.g. hair and nails
     • make certain parts of the body continue to grow
     • Baby to adult
   • To repair the body
     • when it is injured
     • recovering from an operation or illness
     • replace certain parts of the body regularly
   • hormones: make you grow and reproduce
   • Antibodies: help your immune system fight infections from bacteria and viruses
   • Enzymes: digest your food
   • Antibodies: help your immune system fight infections from bacteria and viruses

8. Amino acids

   • Made up of amino acids
   • there are at least 20 different amino acids
   • some of the 20 cannot be made by the body
   • the ones that cannot be made by the body are called "essential amino acids"
   • the essential amino acids have to come from foods
   • amino acids that the body cannot make by itself and must get ready made from food
   • the 'building blocks' that join together to make protein molecules
   • 8 needed by adults
     • at least 2 extra needed by children

9. protein is a macronutrient needed by all animals

10. Our body digests that protein molecules into individual amino acids and makes new protein molecules for our body to use.