Cognitive

Cognitive

1. Memory terms

   • Encoding: How memories are registered
   • Retrieval: How memories are accessed once stored
   • Duration: How long information can be stored for
   • Storage: How memories remain as memories
   • Capacity: Amount of information that can be stored

2. Multi-store model

   • Linear system
   • Sensory memory: Information registered by senses, duration is 2 seconds, if information is attended it goes to short term memory
   • Short term memory: Encodes auditory information, duration is up to 30 seconds, capacity is 5-9 items, if information is rehearsed it goes to long term memory
   • Long term memory: Encodes information semantically, duration and capacity is said to be lifelong and cues help it
   • Proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin
   • Evaluation:

3. Working Memory

   • Proposed by Baddeley and Hitch
   • Participants able to look at something whilst listening to something else
   • Central executive: Supervises the system. Puts information from the different sources into one episode. Coordinates other parts.
   • Phonological Loop: Deals with auditory information. Phonological loop holds auditory information, these decay quickly. Articulatory loop rehearses memory traces.
   • Visuospatial sketchpad: Deals with visual and spatial information. Holds information that we see. Limited to 3-4 objects.
   • Evaluation - Support: Experiment by Baddeley and Hitch that found that pp's found it hard to do 2 visual tasks but not a visual and a verbal task