Memory

Memory

1. Multi-Store Model of Memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968))

   • Features of Memory:
     • Short-Term Memory
       • Capacity: 7(+/-)2 Items
         • Miller's Magic Number 7
       • Duration: 18-30 seconds
         • Peterson and Peterson
       • Encoding: Auditory
         • Baddeley
     • Long-Term Memory
       • Capacity: Unlimited
       • Duration: lifetime
         • Barick et al.
       • Encoding: Somantic
         • Baddeley
   • CASE STUDY: CLIVE WEARING
   • Evaluation
     • Very Simplistic
     • Supported by Plenty of Research
     • Does not explain the processing of non-auditory information.

2. Working Memory Model (Baddeley and Hitch (1974))

   • MAIN RESEARCH
     • Shallice and Warrington (1974)
     • Robbins et al.
   • Evaluation
     • No explanation of Central Executive
     • Working Progress, developed from previous ideas
     • Clearly manages to explain the greater complexity of memory.
       • Explains the processing of different types of information

3. Memory Improvement Strategies

   • Story Method
   • Method of Loci

4. Eye-Witness Testimonies

   • Age
     • Young People Seem to Remember Less
       • However, due to the style of questions asked
       • Solved by Cognitive Interview
     • MAIN RESEARCH
       • Ceci & Bruck (1993)
       • Holliday
     • Main Effects
       • Interviewer Bias
       • Repeated Questions
       • Stereotype Induction
       • Encouragement to Imagine and Visualise
       • Peer Pressure
       • Authority Figures
   • Anxiety
     • MAIN RESEARCH
       • Yuille and Cutshaw (1986)
       • Loftus (1979)
     • Weapon Focus Phenomenon
       • More anxiety = Less Remembered
       • Mundane Realism
         • Opposite Findings in Real Life Situations
   • Cognitive Interview
     • Recall Context
     • Report All Details
     • Report from Different Perspective
     • Repeat in a Different Order
     • MAIN RESEARCH
       • Geiselman
   • Misleading Questions
     • MAIN RESEARCH
       • Loftus & Palmer (1974)

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