Memory

Memory

1. ENCODING

   • visual encoding
     • some memories are stored visually.
   • semantic encoding
     • 'semantic' refers to the meaning.
   • acoustic encoding
     • some memories are stored in terms of what they sound like.
   • other encoding
     • tactile encoding is a memory of what things feel like and olfactory memory is memory for smells

2. Encode - store - retrieve

   • there are different ways for retrieving memories:
     • Recognition: remembering things after looking at an object or someone
     • Cued recall: you try to remember a piece of information
     • free recall is when you retrieve it without cues.
   • Study of encoding
     • Baddeley's Study
       • strength: well-controlled experiment which enhances the validity of the results
         • Weakness: Baddeley overlooked cases where encoding in STM is visual rather than acoustic
           • Baddaley may not have been testing LTM at all.

3. Different types of memory

   • Long term memory
     • episodic memory: memory from your events- declarative memory
     • semantic memory: 'meaning' - declarative memory
     • Procedural memories: 'muscle memory' - non declarative memory
     • Strength: once strength of dividing LTM into different types is that brain scans have shown separate locations in the brain for each of the three types of memory, supporting the idea of different kinds of memory
       • Another strength is that people who suffer from loss of memory due to brain damage lose only certain kinds of memory as described in the case of Clive Wearing, supporting the idea of different kinds of memory
         • One Weakness is that, in reality, there isn't a clear difference between episodic and sematic memories.

4. The multi-store model

   • sensory memory:
     • Coding: sensory is a storage place at your eyes or ears or fingertips or nose. these memories are coded
     • Capacity: all the information from your world passes through 5 senses
     • Duration: information remains in your sensory memory only very briefly- less than half a second.
   • Short-term memory
   • Role of rehearsal
   • Long-term memory

5. STRUCTURES

   • THE MULTI-STORE MODEL
     • Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
       • The model consisted of three kinds of memory and an explanation about how information moves from one store to the next.
         • Sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), Role of rehearsal, Long-term memory (LTM)
           • Sensory memory