Chapter 3: Perception

Chapter 3: Perception

1. Perceptual Constancy: brain illusions

   • Shape Constancy-adjust for changes in image shape
   • Brightness Constancy-adjust for changes in color/brightness
   • Size Constancy-depth perception

2. Gestalt Principals-the brain forces patterns onto visual stimulus

   • Figure-ground illusion: brain focuses on figure and ignores the ground
   • Proximity-objects closer together perceived as part of group
   • Similarity-objects that look similar belong together
   • Closure-tendency to see incomplete figures as complete
   • Continuity-mind looks for simplest pattern that is continuous
   • Contiguity-perceive things that occur close in time as being related
   • Common region-perceive objects that are in a common area as being part of a group

3. Depth Perception-ability to see the world in 3-D

   • Monocular Cues-perceived by one eye alone
     • Interposition-something is between the viewer and the background
     • Linear Perspective
     • Relative Size-smaller=farther away
     • Texture Gradient-detail up close
     • Aerial Perspective-know position in relation to image
     • Motion Parallax- when a person is moving, objects at different distances seem to be moving at different speeds
   • Binocular Cues-perceived by both eyes
     • Convergence-eyes get closer together as the object gets closer
     • Binocular Diversity-images in each eye are more similar the farther away an object is

4. Stroboscopic Effect-a rapid series of still pictures appear as movement

5. Autokinetic Effect-small light in a dark room appears to be moving because there are no other cues to indicate that its not

6. Phi-lights illuminated in a series appear to move