UNIT 2 : CONCEPTS

UNIT 2 : CONCEPTS

1. BEING ILL

   • Not normal state of health
     • Biological - not feeling normal
     • Social - not able to act as normal

2. HEALTH CARE

   • Primary Care : People you see first, e.g. GP, optician, dentist / accessible to all
     • Secondary Care : Through referral / specialist
     • GP (General Practitioner) - Not specialist
     • CASE STUDY : ANWAR WENT TO SEE GP FIRST
   • Chronic condition = long-lasting / recurring e.g. Diabetes
     • Self care
   • PHCT 'Primary Care Health Team
     • Practice manager / GPs / Nurses / Admin = access to wide array of services
   • HOSPITAL
     • Specialist consultants - diagnose & treat
       • hi-tech equipment
       • controlled medication
     • Specialists
       • surgeons / anaesthetists / dieticians
     • criticial care treatment / A&E / round the clock nursing
     • HCAs
       • Originally support staff now taking over some bedside nursing roles
         • Nurses supervise
     • Hierachical way of working - communication top down -- doctors / obedient nurses / passive patients
     • Collaborative working = sharing knowledge / team ethos / strengths are used

3. Service user

   • Person accessing and actively using health services
     • CASE STUDY : ANWAR BECAME A SERVICE USER ACCESSING THE GP AND THE DIABETES TREATMENT

4. CULTURAL BELIEFS & CIRCUMSTANCES

   • Treatment for chronic condition, -diet, -exercise
     • Are certain foods allowed? Meat?
     • Lifestyle may prevent exercise
   • Service user social circumstances
     • Can they afford medication / prescription?

5. BIOMEDICAL APPROACH

   • Doctor diagnoses & prescribes treatment

6. COMPLIANCE AND CONCORDANCE

   • Compliance
     • Patient follows doctors orders
   • Concordance
     • Doctor gives information / Patient shares concerns / come to equals or alliance - both sides negotiate to resolve
     • Royal Pharmaceutical Society Working Party, 1997

7. EXPERT PATIENT

   • inform, educate and support patient on managing own condition and treatment
   • adopting service user perspective - how do they feel about treatment? making sense, taking account of culture, social and lifestyle

8. CHANGING IDEAS OF HEALTH

   • WHO definition; "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (1946)
   • Change in health services
     • Team working, e.g. hospitals
     • Expert Patient
       • EPP Expert Patient Programme ; patients develop skills to effectively control lives when suffering with chronic conditions
     • Hospital in community
       • PHCT providing wider range of services, e.g. minor surgery - closer to home / more accessible