problem solving - created from Mind Map

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characteristics:

historical approaches

heuristic methods

degree of definition

degree of knowledge

opponents

well-defined

i'll-defined

starting conditions, actions available + goals completely specified

knowledge-rich

knowledge-lean

require extensive specialist knowledge

non-adversary

adversary

solver has to deal with a rational opponent

gestalt approach

information processing approach

stresses the role of insight and understanding

key process: restructuring

set: tendency to persist with one approach to a problem

functional fixity

changing how one represents a problem by dividing it into sub-problems

leads to insight

humans process information strategically, like a computer

problem space

abstract representations of various situations

two subtypes:

state-action space

goal-subgoal space

er wordt gekeken maar de current state en alle mogelijke stappen die kunnen worden gezet, en welke toestanden dan tussendoor plaats zullen vinden per mogelijke oplossing

state action tree

depth first search

breadth-first search

progressive deepening

only one possible move considered at a time

light load on memory

each possible move at each level is considered

algorithm

problem-solving method that's guaranteed to solve, but only with high mental load

compromise method using depth levels

een oplossing zoeken door een groot doel op te breken in verschillende subgoals (en mogelijk zelfs sub-subgoals) om het grote doel te bereiken

problem-solving method that often finds a low effort solution, but is not guaranteed to solve the problem

hill climbing

detour problems

when hill-climbing doesn't work well

solver has to move away from the goal at some stage