The Musculoskeletal System

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THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Made up of two major systems:

Muscle (600 muscles in the body)

Bones (Including Joints, "Skeletal Portion") 206 bones in the body

Together these make up the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

A. Anatomy of the Skeletal System also known as the "the bones in the body"

Functions:

Protect internal organs

provides a framework for supporting the body

stores calcium

Produce Blood cells

Joint: When two or more bones meet together. Also called ARTICULATIONS. When joints work together with the bones it helps our body move.

B. Parts and Structure of a Long Bone

Two main Parts of a Long Bone:

The Diaphysis= THE SHAFT, or the long middle part of the long bone

The Epiphysis= the end of each side of the long bone

HOW IS A BONE MADE: Its important to know this because different diseases and illnesses affect different parts of the bone.

Periosteum- Outermost layer of the bone. Hard layer you can see and made up of fibrous tissue.

Compact Bone- Found under the outer layer and made up of hard layers f bone tissue.

Canelleous Bone "Spongy bone"- Bones that look like sponge and found inside the compact bone

Endosteum- Membrane that lines the hollow cavity of the bone

Bone Marrow- Found in cavity of the bone. Two types: red and yellow, red is thick where blood cells are formed. found in flat bones and the in the end of the long bones. Yellow is softer and fatty. Found in the inner part of the long bone also called the MEDULLARY CAVITY.

C. The Anatomy of Muscles

Functions:

Movement

Posture

Joint Stabilization

Heat Production

Three types of Muscles in the body:

Skeletal Muscles

Smooth Muscles

Cardiac Muscles

Skeletal Muscles- STRIATED MUSCLES: helps us move my attaching bones to tendons. we have control on how or when we move these muscles so they are voluntary.

Smooth Muscles- UNSTRIATED MUSCLES: located inside blood vessels and organs. Involuntary muscles we dont have to think about it to make them work.

Cardiac Muscles- found in the heart and are also involuntary.

D. Muscle Actions= helpful to know the actions of the muscles so you can better describe or know whats happening with the patient.

Abduction - movement away from the middle

Adduction - movement adding to the middle

Eversion - turning outward

Extension - straightening a limb

Flexion - Bending a Limb

Inversion - Turning upward

Pronation - turning the palm down

Rotation - turning around on its axis

Supination - turning the palm up