Chapter Two Notes

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Summary

Human Intuition cannot substitute empirical truth

Social Psychology is that Social Influences Can be Studied Scientifically

-Need Measurement to study something scientifically

-Then form a hypothesis

Three Research Designs

-Observational

-Correlational

-Experimental

Observational

- Description - What is Nature of Phenomenon

- Researchers observe people and records measurements of their behavior

-Ethnography

~Attempt to understand a group or culture by observing from the inside

-Archival Analysis

~Using and examining documents

-Limits of Observational Method

-Doesn't say why

-Some data is hard to collect

-Little Explanation

Correlational

-Two variables are systematically measured, and the relationship between them is assessed.

-From knowing X can we predict Y

-random Selection

-Correlation Coefficient

~How well you can predict one variable from another

-Limits of Correlational Method

~Shows Correlation but not cause

-Correlation DOES NOT EQUAL Causation

Experimental

-Is variable X a cause of variable Y

-Answering Causal Questions

-Control the event and experiment

-Independent Variable

-Variable that is changed to see if it has an effect on some other variable

-Dependent Variable

-Variable that is measured to see if it is influenced by the independent variable

Cross-Cultural Research

Ethics

Assertion-Agreement Effect

-Over 100 %

Linear = Big

Volume = Small

Compare Statistics

3% Margin of error at 1200 people

Subject Variable

Not a true independent variable because participants aren't randomly assigned