Psychology - created from Mind Map

Seite 1

Unit 1

Psychology- the scientific study of the human mind and it's functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context

Psychologist- study & behavioral (non medical) treatment

Psyciatrist- medical treatment

Unit 2

Unit 3

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 5

Chapter 3

Research types

7 major perspectives

Research terms

Descriptive

examples include

-naturalistic observation

-survey/interview

-case studies

-archival research

Correlational

example would be

-people throwing a pinch of salt over their left shoulder

Experimental

would require...

-independent variable

-dependent variable

-experimental group

-control group

-random assignment

the goal is to observe, collect, and record data

-minimize artificality

-little to no control over variables

- can't identify cause and effect

the goal is to identify relationships among variables

-allows prediction

-little to no control over variables

-can't identify cause and effect

the goal is to manipulate and control variables

-helps identify cause and effect

-ethical concerns

-artificiality

Psychodynamic

-unconscious dynamics/motvies

behavioral

-stimulus-response relationships

Cognitive

-mental processes (thoughts & interpretations

Evolutionary

-natural selection

-adaptation/reproduction

Humanistic

-humans as free, positive, and growth-seeking

Sociocultural

-social interaction

-cultural determinants

Biological

-genetics/biological processes

Basic research

intended to advance core scientific knowledge

Applied research

designed to solve practical, real-world problems

Hypothesis

an educated guess that is tentative and must be testable

Variables

must be operationally defined

Theory

-evidence based, rigorously tested, and self-correcting

Statistical significance

how likely that results occurred by chance

Meta-analysis

statistical technique for combing and analyzing data from many studies

Psychology four main goals

-description

-explanation

-prediction

-change

Experimental research terms

Single-blind study

-only the participants are blind to who is in the experimental or control group

Double blind study

both the participant and the researcher are blind to who is in the experimental or control group

Independent variable

-manipulated variable

dependent variable

-variable observed and measured

experimental group

-group that receives treatment

control group

-group that does not receive treatment

5 part of a Neuron

Different Neurotransmitters

Nervous system

Parts of the brain?

Dentrites

receive info from other cells

Cell body

-receives info from dendrites

-if enough stimulation is received the message is passed to the axon

Axon

-carries neurons message to other body cells

Myelin sheath

-covers the axon of some neurons to insulate and help speed neural impulses

Terminal button

-form junctions with other cells

-release chemicals called neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine

muscle action, learning

Endorphins

mood, pain

Dopamine

movement, attention

Epinephrine

arousal, memory

Norepinephrine

attention, arousal

GABA

learning, regulating anxiety

Glutamate

learning, movement

Serotonin

mood, sleep

Central

directs mental and basic life processes

Peripheral

carries info to and from the central nervous system

Limbic system

emotions, drives, memory

Hippocampus

forming and retrieving memories

Amygdala

production and regulation of emotions, especially fear and aggression

Thalamus

relays sensory info to an from the cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus

helps govern drives and hormones

Sleep terms

REM sleep

rapid eye movement/dream sleep

non- REM sleep

non rapid eye movement sleep in 3 stages

Stress terms

stress

the interpretation of specific event as threatening or challenging

stressor

trigger or stimulus that induces stress

Acute stress

generally severe but short term

Chronic stress

continuous: demands exceed perceived resources

pleasent desirable stress

Distress

unpleasant undesirable stress

Chapter 4

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapters 8&9

sensation vs perception terms

Major senses

Sensation

sensor cells in our sense organs receiving stimuli

Perception

brain assigning meaning to neural impulses

Transduction

converting sensory stimuli into neural impulses

Coding

traveling of neural impulses by different routes to different parts of the brain

subliminal stimuli

detection of stimuli below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Priming

exposure to previously stored info predisposes our response to related stimuli

Vision

Oflaction

temporal lobe: limbic system

Gustation

Body senses

Audition

in the temporal lobe

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapters 14&15