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MCQ practice for research methods, psychology

Beschreibung

A brief overview of possible questions to come up in the research methods exam
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Basic scientific research is carried out:
Antworten
  • To solve practical problems
  • Just to see what would happen
  • To verify a theoretical problem
  • To gather data to test a theory

Frage 2

Frage
Precision Teaching is defined as:
Antworten
  • A method of teaching a child to be highly fluent in certain skills
  • A measurement system that helps a teacher decide on whether the teaching is effective
  • A teaching approach that emphasises basic skills teaching
  • A system that allows teachers to design a precise curriculum

Frage 3

Frage
When developing hypotheses, the inductive approach seeks to_____
Antworten
  • Generate hypotheses
  • Test hypotheses
  • Simplify hypotheses
  • All of the above

Frage 4

Frage
Which of the following best represents the stages of the experimental method of research?
Antworten
  • Research question, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis, support/reject theory
  • Research question, generate theory, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis, support/reject theory
  • Research question, generate theory, data collection, data analysis, support/reject theory
  • Generate theory, hypothesis testing, data collection, data analysis, support/reject theory

Frage 5

Frage
A theory must be parsimonious, specific and testable. To what does the term parsimonious refer?
Antworten
  • The easiest, most sensible and most academic explanation of the evidence
  • The first answer is usually the correct one when testing a theory
  • The simplest, most economical and efficient explanation of the evidence
  • The most detailed answer is usually the correct one when testing a theory

Frage 6

Frage
A Murder Mystery – Detective Noclue interviews a large pool of suspects, and then eliminates them to leave the culprit unmasked. This is an example which of scientific method?
Antworten
  • Induction
  • Deduction
  • Reduction
  • All of the above

Frage 7

Frage
Which is not one of the four principles of PT
Antworten
  • Frequency as a measure of behaviour
  • Learner knows best
  • Standard Celeration Chart is used as a measurement tool
  • Focus on all types of behaviours

Frage 8

Frage
Which of the following does NOT form part of the SAFMEDS procedure?
Antworten
  • Saying responses aloud
  • Focus is on speed as well as accuracy
  • Work on a section of the pack at a time
  • Complete timings each day

Frage 9

Frage
An alternative term for a repeated measures design is__________
Antworten
  • Between-subjects design
  • Within-subjects design
  • Reversal design
  • Self-correcting design

Frage 10

Frage
A hypothesis is best defined as ____________
Antworten
  • A classification system
  • An unproved theory about the outcome of a study
  • A prediction about the outcome of the study
  • A proven fact

Frage 11

Frage
Dr Who was attempting to find a cure for procrastination. He developed an intervention whereby students were immediately rewarded with chocolate for handing work in early. He designed an experiment with one treatment group. Chocolate given to students was the dependent variable. Individuals were first measured in a baseline phase, then a treatment phase, followed by another baseline phase. This is a classic example of a(n):
Antworten
  • Independent samples design
  • Multiple case design
  • A-B-C design
  • A-B-A design

Frage 12

Frage
The phase of a SCD experiment in which the treatment is introduced is known as the ________ phase.
Antworten
  • Baseline
  • Intervention
  • Replication
  • Post-test

Frage 13

Frage
When you move from a baseline phase to an intervention phase and then back to a baseline phase, you are using a_________________ design
Antworten
  • Drifting baseline
  • Reversal design
  • Intrasubject design
  • Intersubject design

Frage 14

Frage
Which of the following is NOT a phase in the A-B-A design?
Antworten
  • Baseline measurement
  • Introduction of treatment
  • Introduction of a second treatment
  • Removal of treatment

Frage 15

Frage
Multiple baseline designs attempt to control for confounds by_______
Antworten
  • Introducing the treatment at different time points to different people
  • Introducing the treatment to the same person across different behaviours
  • Introducing the treatment to the same person in different situations
  • All of the answers

Frage 16

Frage
The ABA design is generally considered ________ than the ABAB design because participants _________
Antworten
  • More desirable; are left with the effects of the treatment
  • Less desirable; are not left with the effects of the treatment
  • More desirable; are not left with the effects of the treatment
  • Less desirable; are left with the effects of the treatment

Frage 17

Frage
The baseline stage of a single-case experimental design is useful to researchers because behavior during the baseline allows the researchers to_________
Antworten
  • Get an initial idea of whether the treatment will be effective.
  • Determine whether an individual is likely to benefit from the treatment.
  • Describe behavior before administering the treatment and predict what behavior will be like in the future without treatment.
  • Determine the best way

Frage 18

Frage
In the ABAB design, a major ethical concern surrounds______
Antworten
  • Waiting for a series of initial baseline observations before administering the treatment
  • Administering the treatment immediately after the initial baseline phase
  • Removing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective
  • Reintroducing the treatment after it has already been shown to be effective

Frage 19

Frage
If told that this intervention (A-B) was successful, was the behaviour?
Image:
7762c441-2a6a-4181-8bbb-914cfd4b08e9 (image/png)
Antworten
  • Something we wanted to INCREASE in frequency
  • Something we wanted to DECREASE in frequency
  • Something that we wanted to remain the same
  • Not enough information to make a judgment

Frage 20

Frage
What is the Percentage of Non-overlapping data for the participant?
Image:
15bf3fcc-2257-44d5-838d-8e146c5ef1d8 (image/png)
Antworten
  • 60%
  • 70%
  • 80%
  • 90%

Frage 21

Frage
An educational psychologist was interested in the effects of a six-week mnemonics intervention on students’ ability to remember areas of the brain such as the hippocampus. How might you define the mnemonics intervention?
Antworten
  • Independent variable
  • Dependent variable
  • Outcome variable
  • Resultant variable

Frage 22

Frage
Researchers wanted to examine the impact of watching Alien on memory in a group of older adults. A variety of cognitive tests such as memory tests and word generation tests were administered to the group before, during and after watching one of the films. How might you describe the research design of such a study?
Antworten
  • Between-groups design
  • Between-within design
  • Within-subjects design
  • Independent-groups design

Frage 23

Frage
The results of the Tauntaun long jump final at the Hoth Olympics a long time ago in a galaxy far far away are given below. What is the mean distance jumped by the top 10 Rebel Soldiers (answers to two decimal places)?
Image:
07aa42bf-e5d1-42f4-9b3c-deabe7aac4d5 (image/png)
Antworten
  • 8.04 m
  • 8.05 m
  • 8.06 m
  • 8.07 m

Frage 24

Frage
What is the median distance jumped by the top 10 Rebel Pilots (answers to 2 decimal places)?
Image:
6d924228-3bc8-4115-9d7f-4f95b06cb8db (image/png)
Antworten
  • 8.05 m
  • 8.07 m
  • 8.09 m
  • 8.11 m

Frage 25

Frage
Examine the histogram of the qualifying distance for the Tauntauns long jump final at the Hoth Olympics. How would you describe the appearance of the histogram?
Image:
04e28fcc-ce86-4f64-b04a-ba5fe3e10724 (image/png)
Antworten
  • Negatively skewed
  • Positively skewed
  • Positive kurtosis (leptokurtic)
  • Negative kurtosis (platykurtic)

Frage 26

Frage
Large standard deviations will have what sort of distribution, relative to a distribution with a low standard deviation?
Antworten
  • Raised
  • Flatter
  • The same
  • Zero

Frage 27

Frage
The middle score in a distribution is the __________________ and the score occurring the greatest frequency is the ____________________.
Antworten
  • Mean; Median
  • Median;Mode
  • Mean; Mode
  • Mode;Median

Frage 28

Frage
A prediction regarding the outcomes of a study is a(n) ____________ and an organised system of assumptions and principles that attempts to explain certain phenomena and how they are related is a(n)__________________.
Antworten
  • Theory; Hypothesis
  • Hypothesis;Theory
  • Independent variable; Dependent variable
  • Dependent variable; Independent variable

Frage 29

Frage
In which of the following distributions would you find the mean, median and mode to be identical?
Antworten
  • Normal
  • Positively Skewed
  • Negatively Skewed
  • All of the answers

Frage 30

Frage
When writing up a results section for most types of study (including SCD studies) it is good practice to use which ordering of detail?
Antworten
  • Descriptive statistics, effect size, figure/table/graph
  • Figure/table/graph, descriptive statistics, effect size
  • Descriptive statistics, figure/graph/table, effect size
  • Effect size, figure/graph/table, descriptive statistics

Frage 31

Frage
The length of time taken to complete a multiple choice questionnaire exam would be best measured using a(n):
Antworten
  • Interval level measure
  • Ratio level measure
  • Nominal level measure
  • Ordinal level measure

Frage 32

Frage
While temperature in degrees Celsius is measured on a(n) ____________ scale, ‘luke-warm, warm, and hot’ would be examples of a(n) ____________ scale
Antworten
  • Interval; Ratio
  • Interval; Ordinal
  • Ratio; Interval
  • Ratio; Ordinal

Frage 33

Frage
Using letter grades (A, B, C, D, E) to classify student performance on an exam is an example of measurement on a(n)____________ scale
Antworten
  • Nominal
  • Ordinal
  • Interval
  • Ratio

Frage 34

Frage
Which of the following is NOT a continuous variable?
Antworten
  • Time to solve a problem
  • Temperature
  • Height
  • Number of children in a family

Frage 35

Frage
Which type of data would you use to record your status as a full or part time student?
Antworten
  • Ordinal
  • Continuous
  • Dichotomous
  • Factorial

Frage 36

Frage
Which level of measurement would be best to measure the approximate distance from Main Arts to the Wheldon Building?
Antworten
  • Nominal
  • Ordinal
  • Ratio
  • Interval

Frage 37

Frage
By definition a ratio scale has an absolute zero. What does this mean?
Antworten
  • A point where none of the quality being measured exists
  • A point where you can score a minus value
  • A point where you have no opinion on a topic
  • Absolute zero does not exist; it is a hypothetical construct

Frage 38

Frage
In SPSS what is the 'Variable View'?
Antworten
  • A dialog box that allows you to choose a statistical test
  • A table summarising the frequencies of data for one variable
  • A screen in which variables can be defined and labelled
  • A screen in which data are entered

Frage 39

Frage
Which of the following methods would you use to enter data on gender into SPSS so you can conduct statistical analyses?
Antworten
  • Enter data for males first and then for females
  • Type male, female, or non-gender specific into the appropriate column of the data view
  • Enter the data into different pages on SPSS depending on whether the answers are Male, Female or Non-gender specific
  • Numerically code the answers given with different numbers

Frage 40

Frage
You are asked on a questionnaire to tick all the relevant boxes that apply to you on an item asking you which clubs or societies you belong to. Affiliation to a club or society would best be thought of what sort of variable?
Antworten
  • A categorical variable
  • An absolute variable
  • A hypothetical variable
  • A continuous variable

Frage 41

Frage
What is meant by the term descriptive statistics?
Antworten
  • Methods used to summarise the data
  • Methods used to see if the results are significant
  • Methods used to generalise from a sample
  • All of the above

Frage 42

Frage
What is the best way to summarise nominal data?
Antworten
  • Means
  • Standard deviations
  • Frequencies
  • Medians

Frage 43

Frage
The standard deviation is...
Antworten
  • The variance divided by the sample size
  • The square root of the sums of squares
  • The average of the sums of squares
  • The square root of the variance

Frage 44

Frage
Which of the following statements are true?
Antworten
  • A 95% confidence interval is a range of scores from the lowest to the highest value in the sample
  • A 95% confidence interval is a range of scores within which we believe the population mean will fall
  • A 95% confidence interval is a range of scores within which we believe that participants were confident in their answers
  • All of the answers

Frage 45

Frage
The frequency distribution of the means of several samples from the population is called....
Antworten
  • The standard deviation
  • The sampling distribution
  • The mode
  • The variance

Frage 46

Frage
Which type of chart displays the mean with the confidence intervals represented as vertical lines?
Antworten
  • Line chart
  • Histogram chart
  • Horizontal bar chart
  • Error bar chart

Frage 47

Frage
Compute the mean of the following set of scores and give the answer to 2 decimal places: 3, 5, 7, 3, 6, 8, 2, 7
Antworten
  • 5.1
  • 5.13
  • 5.12
  • 5.2

Frage 48

Frage
A _____________ is a numerical characteristic of a population and a ____________ is a numerical characteristic of a sample
Antworten
  • statistic; parameter
  • mode; mean
  • model; descriptive
  • parameter; statistic

Frage 49

Frage
The typical value of a dataset is described by measures of...
Antworten
  • Central Tendency
  • Variance
  • Dispersion
  • Normality

Frage 50

Frage
When the confidence intervals are small, this suggests that...
Antworten
  • The population mean is a good estimate of the sample mean
  • The sample mean is a good estimate of the population mean
  • The sample mean is a poor estimate of the population mean
  • The sample mean may be significantly different from the population mean

Frage 51

Frage
If an event has a 95% probability of occurring, what does this mean?
Antworten
  • The event will occur 5 times out of every 100
  • The event will occur 95 times out of every 100
  • The event will occur 95 times out of every 95
  • The event will occur 5 times out of every 95

Frage 52

Frage
Use the additional figure to answer the next three questions. The figure shows the standard normal distribution. Arrow A indicates the ____________
Image:
0279fd77-d207-45d4-aad1-c5532666c07d (image/png)
Antworten
  • Mean
  • Median
  • Mode
  • All of the answers

Frage 53

Frage
Arrow B indicates ______________
Image:
334eaf7d-8041-46b9-8c60-8596c7191438 (image/png)
Antworten
  • 68.26% of scores
  • 34.13% of scores
  • 50.00% of scores
  • 95.44% of scores

Frage 54

Frage
Arrow C indicates _____________
Image:
6aa064e9-91bd-48ae-a8ca-dd5c7c788b4b (image/png)
Antworten
  • 50% above the mean
  • 100% above the mean
  • 1 standard deviation above the mean
  • 2 standard deviations above the mean

Frage 55

Frage
If your z-score was -2.85, this would show that ____________
Antworten
  • Your score was 2.85 times smaller than the highest score in the class
  • Your score was 2.85 standard deviations below the mean
  • Your score was 2.85 standard deviations above the mean
  • There was a probability of 2.85% of obtaining a score less than your score

Frage 56

Frage
The difference between the sample statistic and the population parameter is called the ______________
Antworten
  • Extraneous variable
  • Experimenter bias
  • Systematic error
  • Sampling error

Frage 57

Frage
If the scores on a test have a mean of 26 and a standard deviation of 4, what is the z-score for a score of 18?
Antworten
  • -2
  • 11
  • 2
  • -3

Frage 58

Frage
If you have a probability of 67%, what is it expressed as a decimal?
Antworten
  • 0.07
  • 0.06
  • 0.67
  • 6.70

Frage 59

Frage
In order to comply with BPS ethics guidelines, researchers should ____________
Antworten
  • Ensure that people give informed consent to participate
  • Ensure that all participants complete the experiment
  • Ensure that participants do not find out the true purpose of the research
  • All of the answers

Frage 60

Frage
Which of the following would give the closest value to the population mean?
Antworten
  • The standard error
  • The mean of one sample
  • The mean of several sample means
  • The standard deviation

Frage 61

Frage
“A data point very far removed from others within the data set” is known as?
Antworten
  • A latent variable
  • A case
  • An outlier
  • Significant

Frage 62

Frage
Which of the following actions will always change the value of the mean?
Antworten
  • Changing the value of one score
  • Adding a new score to the distribution
  • Removing a score from the distribution
  • All of the answers

Frage 63

Frage
A sample consists of n=16 scores. How many of the scores are used to calculate the sample range?
Antworten
  • 2
  • 8
  • 15
  • All 16

Frage 64

Frage
The phase of a multiple baseline design in which the treatment is introduced is known as______________.
Antworten
  • The baseline
  • The phaseline
  • The intervention
  • The application

Frage 65

Frage
Two events are_____________ if they have no effect on each other.
Antworten
  • Correlated
  • Independent
  • Related
  • Dependent

Frage 66

Frage
Population ___________, sample statistics.
Antworten
  • Parameters
  • Percentiles
  • Descriptives
  • Inferentials

Frage 67

Frage
The purpose of a research report is to provide what kind of information?
Antworten
  • What was done
  • What was found
  • How the research study is related to other knowledge
  • All of the answers

Frage 68

Frage
Probability values are always____.
Antworten
  • Greater than or equal to 0
  • Less than or equal to 1
  • Positive numbers
  • All of the answers

Frage 69

Frage
In a population of N=6, five of the individuals all have scores that are exactly 1 point above the mean. From this information you can determine that the score for the sixth individual must be____________.
Antworten
  • Also above the mean by one point.
  • Below the mean by one point.
  • Below the mean by five points
  • We do not have enough information to describe the 6th score.

Frage 70

Frage
The normal distribution is an example of________________.
Antworten
  • A histogram showing data from a sample.
  • A polygon showing data from a sample.
  • A bar graph showing data from a population.
  • A smooth curve showing data from a population.

Frage 71

Frage
Dr Martha Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence mood during the winter. She selects a sample of 110 households. Fifty of the homes were randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr Jones replaced all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights were changed to 60 watt bulbs. After two months Dr Martha Jones measured the level of depression for the people living in the houses. In this example, the level of depression is the ______ variable.
Antworten
  • Dependent
  • Extraneous
  • Correlational
  • Independent

Frage 72

Frage
Dr Martha Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence mood during the winter. She selects a sample of 110 households. Fifty of the homes were randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr Jones replaced all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights were changed to 60 watt bulbs. After two months Dr Martha Jones measured the level of depression for the people living in the houses. In this example, the independent variable is _________.
Antworten
  • The brightness of the lights
  • The level of depression
  • The houses with 110-watt bulbs
  • The houses with 60-watt bulbs

Frage 73

Frage
Dr Martha Jones is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence mood during the winter. She selects a sample of 110 households. Fifty of the homes were randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr Jones replaced all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights were changed to 60 watt bulbs. After two months Dr Martha Jones measured the level of depression for the people living in the houses. The design of the study can best be described as __________
Antworten
  • Correlational
  • Between-groups
  • Within-groups
  • Control group
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