Before chapter 11 (first chapter)

Early civilizations to C. 1000 BCE

• Mesopotamia
• Egypt
• -Palestine and religion of israelites
• -Semitic speakers - along with most of Mesopotamia, including babylonians, assyrians, arabs
• -credited with first monotheistic religion

The Greeks

• •Crete and Minoans
• •Mycenaeans - Agamemnon, Achilles, and Odysseus
• •Bronze Age, Troy war
• •olives and olive oil, grapes, wine pottery
• •Trojan war - about food and trade, not women
• Athens and Golden age
• •polis (city state) and development of democracy
• only men
• 30+
• Natural citizens (parents had to be residents when born)
• Could NOT be slave
• Had to be able to provide own military equipment
• We inherited from Athens : art and architecture, music, science, philosophy, theatre, Olympics

Alexander The Great (356-323 BCE)

• •Hellenistic age - spread of Greek culture beyond Mediterranean basis
• •empire not on basis of ethnic or tribal differences
• •synchromtism- blend of multiple religion (language, culture)

Rome (753 BCE - 476 CE)

• •Athens democracy, 508 BCE
• • Romes Republic, 509 BCE
• • Rome Vs Carthage (2nd Punic war 220-201 BCE)
• •Romes Mastery of Mediterranean by end of 1st century BCE
• •Spread of Christianity
• •Latin based (western)
• •trade based empire
• •people stay in empire if they have more economic advantages
• •they leave if they're not
• •Most mistreated people (women and slaves) passed on Christianity (when reformed)
• -had to learn how to live with them (legalize religion)
• •400 CE Romes official religion was Christianity (Theodisius was ruler)

Rome (27 BCE -476 CE)

• •laws
• •architecture and engineering
• •tradition of representative govt.
• • expansion of Christianity

Invasions

• •Germans invaded Rome to run away from the Huns
• -romans made and broke treaties
• - Germany then rose up and rebelled
• •Muslims conquered Spain (visigoths) in 711
• •Franks were Germans
• •in 768 French/Franks and papassy made connection
• -when he needs protection, he sends for the help of the leader (at the time Charlamagne)
• -theory of two swords
• •when emperor died, the heir(s) get land but split that land if more than 1 heir

Folie 7

• • 3 fields for different crops