Karteikarten
Chapter Three
Karten in diesem Stapel (40)
- 1Self-concept- William James (1980)
- people's ideas about who they are and what they like
- Material self: tangible objects
- Social self: how we are viewed by others
- Spiritual self: inner self, self-perceived; abilities, attitudes, emotions - 2Self Awareness- when self-focused we evaluate/compare our behaviors to internal standards/values
- mirror halloween test
- rouge test: notice dot on forehead (at 2 years) - 3Self Schemas- mental structures, derived from past experiences, that organize information about self and influence what we see and how we think
- 4Working-self concept- subset of knowledge that is brought. to mind in a particular context
- 5Self-reference effect- tendency to remember information better if we can relate to it to ourselves
- 6Self-complexity- person's perceived knowledge of self, based on number of distinct cognitive structures or self-aspects that believe themselves to possess
- low self-complexity = high emotional responses - 7Independent self- self-definition focuses on one's own internal thoughts, feelings and actions
- values finding unique self
- higher self-esteem - 8Interdependent self- self-definition focuses on relationship to other people
- attending to others, fitting in, harmony
- low self-esteem - 9Self-esteem- overall positive or negative evaluations people have of theirselves
- represents how we feel about our attributes, qualities, success, failure - 10Global self-esteem- way people generally feel about themselves, a stable disposition
- 11Feelings of self-worth- momentary emotional states, particularly those that arise from positive or negative outcome
- 12Function of self-worth- important when we encounter negative feedback
- failure/rejection, low self-esteem: humiliation, ashamed, worthless
- failure/rejection, high self-esteem: sad, not personally rejected - 13Sociometer theory- self-esteem is internal, subjective marker of extent to which a person is included or looked favorably by others
- culture predicts what is important - 14Self-motives- drive by a need for meaningful connections
- quality, frequent interactions - 15Self enhancement motive- motivation to build, maintain and enhance feelings of self-worth
- most people view themselves positively
- positive: lower levels of cortisol
- negative: focus on outcome not process - 16Better-than average Effect- most people believe they are above average on various personality traits and ability dimensions
- 17Self-affirmation Theory- focuses on people's efforts to maintain an overall sense of self-worth following psychologically threatening information, by affirming a valued aspect of themselves, unrelated to threat
- 18Self-Verification Theory- motivated to have others perceive us the way we perceive ourselves
- positive: feel closer with people who share similar views, unrealistic
- negative: provides meaning and self-improvement - 19Self-awareness- when self-focused, we evaluate and compare our behaviors to internal standards and values
- 20Introspection- looking inward and examining our thoughts, feelings and motives
- not accurate: self-biases, automatic thought process, hard to put feelings into words - 21Affective forecasting- predicting emotional state in the future
- we aren't accurate at predicting future or how we will react to negative future circumstances
- lottery vs paraplegic - 22Immune neglect- tendency to underestimate our own coping processes following adverse events
- 23Focalism- tendency to make error predicting happiness by over-focusing on obvious, apparent factors
- basing decision on rain at UW - 24Defocalism- focusing more on mundane details
- - 25Self-perception theory- unsure of how they feel, people infer their own attitudes toward things by observing their own behavior
- behavior = attitude/cognition - 26Intrinsic Motivation- stems from enjoyment and interest
- 27Extrinsic Motivation- stems from external pressure
- 28Over-justification Effect- when intrinsic motivation is undermined by extrinsic reason
- 29Two factor Theory of Emotion- physiological arousal - heart racing
- cognitive label (how we identify label arousal) - associating arousal with fear - 30Self-regulation- processes by people initiate, alter and control their behavior in the pursuit of goals
- ability to resist short-term rewards that decrease chance of long-term goal attainment - 31Self-Discrepancy theory- behavior is motivated by standards reflecting ideal/ought self
- falling short of these standard lead to dejection - 32Actual self- self that people believe they are
- 33Ideal self- self that embodies people's wishes/aspirations
- dejection related emotions: feeling sad when not fulfilled - 34Ought self- concerned with duties/obligations, external demands they feel compelled to do
- agitated emotions: anxious - 35Promotion self- self-regulation of behavior with respect to ideal standards
- focus on attaining positive outcomes, through approach-related behavior - 36Prevention self- with respect to ought self-standards
- focus on avoiding negative outcomes, through avoidance-related behavior - 37Implementation intentions- specify how one will behave to achieve a goal under particular circumstances "if" "then" format
- 38Self-presentation- public self is concerned with presenting. the person we would like to other to see
- 39Self-monitoring- Low monitoring: more likely to behave according to their own traits/preferences regardless of social context
- 40Self-handicapping- tendency to engage in self-defeating behavior ignorer to have excuse, should one fail
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- Psychology Karteikarten am Chapter Three, erstellt von Lilli Burdon am 12/10/2019.
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- Lilli Burdon
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